维基百科

伊朗—沙特阿拉伯代理人冲突

（重定向自伊朗—沙烏地阿拉伯代理人衝突）

伊朗—沙特阿拉伯代理人冲突是指伊朗和沙特阿拉伯为争夺中东和穆斯林世界的影响力而展开的代理人戰爭。 [94]两国都介入叙利亚内战[95][96]、也门内战[97] ，以及巴林、 [98]黎巴嫩、 [99]卡塔尔[100]和伊拉克[101] 國內的争端。伊朗将自己视为什叶派國家領袖，而沙特阿拉伯则将自己视为遜尼派國家領袖。[102]

伊朗—沙特阿拉伯代理人冲突
這阿拉伯之冬的一部分

衝突現況圖：
  伊朗
  沙烏地阿拉伯
  代理衝突位置
日期1979 年2月11日—現今[74][75]
(45年8个月4周又2天)
地点
各種（主要是中東）
参战方

伊朗 伊朗

代理人:[22]
支援:

 沙烏地阿拉伯

代理人:
支援:
指挥官与领导者

阿里·哈梅內伊
(伊朗最高领袖)
易卜拉欣·莱希
(伊朗总统)
伊斯梅爾·賈尼
(聖城軍指揮官)
巴沙尔·阿萨德
(叙利亚总统)
哈桑·纳斯鲁拉
(真主黨總書記)
哈迪·阿米里（英语：Hadi Al-Amiri）
巴德爾組織領導者)
阿卜杜勒-马立克·胡塞
(胡塞运动領導者)
蓋斯·卡扎利（英语：Qais al-Khazali）
(阿薩伊布·阿爾·哈克（英语：Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq）總書記)[76]
阿克拉姆·阿爾- 卡比
( 真主党精英运动總書記)[77]
伊拉克 努里·马利基 (伊斯兰达瓦党總書記, 伊拉克前總理)[78]
穆罕默德·阿里·賈法裡（英语：Mohammad Ali Jafari） (2007–19)
(伊斯兰革命卫队指揮官)[79][80][81]
卡西姆·阿爾- 穆阿門( 阿什塔爾旅（英语：Al-Ashtar Brigades）領導者)[82]
阿布·阿拉·瓦萊(巴基斯坦真主黨（英语：Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada）總書記)[83]

前領導人
 萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特
(沙特阿拉伯国王)
穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼
(Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia（英语：Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia） and 沙特阿拉伯首相)
Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud（英语：Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud）
(Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)（英语：Ministry of Interior (Saudi Arabia)）)[85]
Thamer al-Sabhan
(Minister of Gulf Affairs)[86]
Obeid Fadel Al-Shammari
(Commander of Saudi Arabia Force in Yemen)[87]
法赫德·本·图尔基·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·阿勒沙特
(Commander of the Joint Forces)[88]
Hassan bin Hamza al-Shehri
(Peninsula Shield Force（英语：Peninsula Shield Force）)[89]
拉沙德·阿利米
(Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council（英语：Presidential Leadership Council）)
前領導人

截至2023年3月10日，由于中沙伊斡旋谈判，伊朗和沙特阿拉伯之间的外交关系已经恢复[103][104]。

参考文献

  1. ^ Daoud, David. Meet the Proxies: How Iran Spreads Its Empire through Terrorist Militias. The Tower Magazine (24). March 2015 [18 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-31）. 
  2. ^ Hashim, Ahmed Salah, Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and Conflict: Shia Province as Casus Belli? (PDF), RSIS Commentary (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies), 29 January 2016, (22) [18 August 2016], （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-16） 
  3. ^ Abedin, Mahan. Saudi Shi'ites: New light on an old divide. 亞洲時報在線. 26 October 2006 [24 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于18 March 2017）. 
  4. ^ Mashal, Mujib; Faizi, Fatima. Iran Sent Them to Syria. Now Afghan Fighters Are a Worry at Home.. The New York Times. 11 November 2017 [4 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-17）. 
  5. ^ Exclusive: Iran Steps up Support for Houthis in Yemen's War – Sources. U.S. News & World Report. 21 March 2017 [30 March 2017]. （原始内容存档于22 March 2017）. 
  6. ^ Will Saudi Arabia become a new drone battleground?. 德国之声. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-01）. An Iraqi militia has claimed responsibility for two suicide drones fired at Riyadh earlier this week — and vowed to do it again. The new group suggested Saudis should be sleeping with one eye open from now on. 
  7. ^ Iran's Guards Renew Pledge To Support Iraqi Shiite Militias. 9 August 2021 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  8. ^ Friedman, George (19 March 2018) The Role of Militias in Iran's Strategy for Iraq （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Geopolitical Futures Retrieved on 12 August 2021
  9. ^ Wess, Caleb. Bahraini militant group adopts IRGC branding. February 23, 2018 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-01）. At the same time, Saraya al Ashtar reaffirmed its loyalty to the Islamic Republic of Iran. "We believe that the commander and ruler of the Islamic religion is the line of the two imams, Khomeini and Khamenei, which is in the original Muhammad approach in confronting the oppressors and fighting back against the tyrants," the group's statement reads. 
  10. ^ Iran's Islamist Proxies in the Middle East. Wilson Center. [14 July 2022]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-18）. 
  11. ^ Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah accuses Saudi Arabia of 'terrorism' （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "Hassan Nasrallah accuses Saudi Arabia of spreading ISIL ideology across the region amid rising political tensions". 半岛媒体集团.
  12. ^ Sapir, Teddy. Hezbollah and Saudi Arabia – a routine of clashes. Alma, Research and Education Centre. 6 February 2022 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. During the Syrian civil war, the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Hezbollah escalated due to the Saudi-Iranian rivalry. 
  13. ^ Exclusive: Hamas Official Discusses Decline of Iranian Support. موقع الدكتور عدنان ابو عامر. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-26）. 
  14. ^ What is behind the Saudi campaign against Hamas? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "By launching arrests of its supporters and cutting off financial flows to Gaza, Riyadh aims to corner Hamas."
  15. ^ The Huseynyun: Iran's new IRGC-backed movement in Azerbaijan. October 9, 2021 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-09）. 
  16. ^ Fouad, Ahmed. Iran's relationship with Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood comes under renewed scrutiny. The Arab Weekly. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-30）. The Muslim Brotherhood may not be the only extremist Sunni group in Egypt supported by IRGC. 
  17. ^ Iran and Muslim Brotherhood: A Bizarre Alliance of Two Rival Ideologies （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） STRAFASIA Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  18. ^ Kashmir – The New Battlefield For Saudi-Iran Proxy War – Israel Media Reports. 22 July 2019 [29 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-30）. 
  19. ^ Bahi, Riham. Iran-Saudi Rivalry in Africa: Implications for Regional Stability. Middle East Policy. 2018, 25 (4): 33 [2024-04-27]. S2CID 159397471. doi:10.1111/mepo.12374. （原始内容存档于2024-03-08） （英语）. 
  20. ^ Tangaza, Haruna Shehu. Islamic Movement in Nigeria: The Iranian-inspired Shia group. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 5 August 2019 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-25）. Nigeria's government has taken the controversial decision to ban a pro-Iranian Shia group, accusing it of unleashing violence and being an "enemy of the state". 
  21. ^ Has the Saudi-Iran rivalry reached the Western Sahara region? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） TRTWorld Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  22. ^ War by Proxy （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CSIS
  23. ^ Berti, Benedetta; Guzansky, Yoel. The Syrian Crisis and the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry. Foreign Policy Research Institute. October 2012 [11 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于20 May 2013）. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Awaad, Aboubakr Fathy. Iranian Saudi rivalry over the regional role ... Syria as a model. Review of Economics and Political Science. 1 January 2020,. ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print). S2CID 219777144. doi:10.1108/REPS-07-2019-0094  . 
  25. ^ Saudi Arabia says Lebanon has declared war on it. Reuters. 6 November 2017 [10 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-29）. 
  26. ^ Perry, Tom; Ghantous, Ghaida. Analysis: Lebanon is dragged back into eye of Iranian-Saudi storm. Reuters. 2 November 2021 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-30）. 
  27. ^ How Saudi Arabia pushed Iraq into the arms of Iran （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Lawfare
  28. ^ Zarif sends warning letter to UN chief about US threats to Iran oil tankers. 伊朗国家通讯社. 17 May 2020 [24 May 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-10）. 
  29. ^ Iran Supports Maduro as the President of Venezuela. Iran International. 24 January 2019 [1 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-25）. 
  30. ^ Iran, Venezuela in "axis of unity" against U.S. Reuters. 2 July 2007 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. 
  31. ^ Gokay, Bulent. In Saudi Arabia's quest to debilitate the Iranian economy, they destroyed Venezuela. 獨立報 (英國). 9 August 2017 [4 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. Venezuela is the most disastrously oil-dependent state in the world. Oil accounts for 96 per cent of exports and more than 40 per cent of government revenues 
  32. ^ The September 14 drone attack on Saudi oil fields: North Korea's potential role | NK News. NK News – North Korea News. September 30, 2019 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-11）. 
  33. ^ Arab powers sever Qatar ties, citing support for militants. Reuters. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-09）. The Arab world's biggest powers cut ties with Qatar on Monday, accusing it of support for Islamist militants and Iran, and reopening a festering wound two weeks after U.S. President Donald Trump's demand for Muslim states to fight terrorism. 
  34. ^ Qatari Emir Calls for Promotion of Ties. Financial Tribune. [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  35. ^ Oman's dangerous double game 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期1 August 2021. "The sultanate, a U.S. ally, seems to be helping Tehran wage a proxy war against Saudi Arabia in Yemen."
  36. ^ قيادي حوثي منشق أرتمى في أحضان السعودية يهاجم سلطنة عمان: مسقط العربية تحولت إلى مشهد الإيرانية!. 16 August 2018 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-21） （阿拉伯语）. 
  37. ^ Mana'a and al-Ahmar received money from Gaddafi to shake security of KSA, Yemen. 4 September 2011 [2 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于10 February 2013）. 
  38. ^ Former Revolutionary Guards minister: Gaddafi supplied Iran with missiles, asked to target Saudi Arabia. 迈赫尔通讯社. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-28）. 
  39. ^ Youssef, Fatah Al-Rahman. Omar Al-Bashir: We cannot allow Shi'ite presence in Sudan. 中東報. 12 October 2014 [18 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于1 April 2016）. 
  40. ^ Martin Chulov. Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria. 衛報. 31 August 2017 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-29）. 
  41. ^ Iddon, Paul. Erbil is not another front in the Saudi-Iran regional proxy war. Rudaw Media Network（英语：Rudaw Media Network）. 28 July 2016 [20 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-05）. 
  42. ^ Dehghanpisheh, Babak. To Iranian eyes, Kurdish unrest spells Saudi incitement. 路透社. 4 September 2016 [2 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-24）. 
  43. ^ Merat, Arron. Iran calls for return of abducted border guards held in Pakistan . 每日电讯报. 28 March 2014 [20 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于12 January 2022）. 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Iran Guards' Commander Says US, Saudis Supplying Arms To Militant Groups. Radio Farda. [17 July 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）. 
  45. ^ Lebanese Hezbollah: Ahvaz crime reaction to Resistance victories. Islamic Republic News Agency. 23 September 2018 [4 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）. 
  46. ^ Rasmussen, Sune Engel, Dissidents Call for United Front Against Iran After Assassination Attempts , The Wall Street Journal, 25 November 2018 [17 July 2020], （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） 
  47. ^ 47.0 47.1 Karami, Arash. Were Saudis behind Abbas-MEK meeting?. Al-Monitor（英语：Al-Monitor）. 2 August 2016 [18 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-24）. 
  48. ^ Iranian Kurds Return to Arms (Analysis). Stratfor. 29 July 2016 [29 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于30 July 2016）. 
  49. ^ Saudis reportedly funding insurgents. The Seattle Times. September 8, 2006 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-16）. Private Saudi citizens are giving millions of dollars to Sunni insurgents in Iraq and much of the money is used to buy weapons 
  50. ^ Former Saddam aide seeks to reshape Iraq's Sunni insurgency. Reuters. 10 April 2016 [2 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04）. 
  51. ^ Saddam's 'king of clubs' reappears on Baath anniversary. Rudaw（英语：Rudaw）. 8 April 2018 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-26）. 
  52. ^ Lebanon vote deals blow to Hezbollah, preliminary results show. Reuters. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-15）. 
  53. ^ Factbox: What is the Lebanese Forces?. Reuters. 16 May 2022 [12 July 2022]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04）. 
  54. ^ Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth; Larson, Judith. The Mujahedin-e Khalq in Iraq: a policy conundrum (PDF). 兰德公司. 2009 [8 October 2016]. ISBN 978-0-8330-4701-4. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于22 February 2016）. 
  55. ^ Mousavian, Seyed Hossein. From Iran to Nice, We Must Confront All Terrorism to End Terrorism. 赫芬顿邮报. 21 July 2016 [18 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-11）. 
  56. ^ Saudi Arabia Wants to Roll Back Iran. The National Interest. [13 January 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-28）. n July 9, Prince Turki bin Faisal, former Saudi intelligence head, unprecedentedly attended a rally for the notorious Iranian opposition group Mujahedeen Khalq (MEK) and called for the overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
  57. ^ How the Trump administration got into a showdown with Iran that could lead to war. Business Insider. 25 May 2019 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-20）. 
  58. ^ The Tension Between America and Iran, Explained. The New York Times. 16 May 2019 [25 May 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-25）. 
  59. ^ Hitchens, Theresa. Israel Meets With UAE, Declares It's Joining Persian Gulf Coalition. 16 August 2019 [7 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于21 August 2019）. 
  60. ^ Tibon, Amir. Warsaw Summit Will Test U.S. Gamble on Israeli-Arab Pact Against Iran. Haaretz. 13 February 2019 [4 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-13）. 
  61. ^ The enemy of my enemy is my friend — an alliance that may save the Middle East. 国会山报. 23 August 2019 [16 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于3 September 2019）. 
  62. ^ Royal Navy destroyer returns from defending British shipping in Hormuz Strait. BT Group. 28 September 2019 [28 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于28 September 2019）. 
  63. ^ 63.0 63.1 Jordan and Saudi Arabia draw closer. Country.eiu.com. [19 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于6 December 2018）. 
  64. ^ 64.0 64.1 Dunne, Charles W. Saudi-Emirati-Egyptian Alliance Steering US Middle East Policy. 26 June 2019 [4 October 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）. 
  65. ^ 65.0 65.1 65.2 Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE reiterate support for Bahrain's fiscal programme. Reuters. 20 October 2021 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）. 
  66. ^ Bahrain Jails 169 For Founding 'Iran-Linked Terror Group'. RFE/RL. [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-27）. 
  67. ^ Why did Morocco cut its diplomatic ties with Iran? -. 30 May 2019 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-28）. 
  68. ^ Diplomatic relations between Morocco and Iran sour over Western Sahara dispute. 16 July 2018 [2024-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-31）. 
  69. ^ Yemen cuts diplomatic relations with Iran: spokesman. Xinhua. 2 October 2015 [9 August 2022]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2015）. 
  70. ^ Now is the time for Kuwait to join the growing Anti-Iran Coalition （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） JINSA
  71. ^ Mideast tensions soar as Saudi Arabia rallies countries to cut ties with Iran. 华盛顿邮报. [4 January 2016]. （原始内容存档于4 January 2016）. 
  72. ^ 72.0 72.1 Vatanka, Alex. The Odd Couple. The Majalla（英语：The Majalla） (Saudi Research and Publishing Company（英语：Saudi Research and Publishing Company）). 22 March 2012 [7 November 2012]. （原始内容存档于29 November 2014）. 
  73. ^ Qatar recalls envoy to Iran after attacks on Saudi missions: State News. Reuters. 6 January 2016 [2016-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-18）. 
  74. ^ Joyner, Alfred. Iran vs Saudi Arabia: The Middle East cold war explained. International Business Times. 4 January 2016 [11 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-30）. 
  75. ^ Poole, Thom. Iran and Saudi Arabia's great rivalry explained. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 20 October 2017 [23 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-29）. 
  76. ^ Bowen, Jeremy. The fearsome Iraqi militia vowing to vanquish Isis. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 7 July 2014 [3 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20）. 
  77. ^ قائد النجباء يكشف مخططات السبهان للعراق. alkawthartv.com | قناة الکوثر. [5 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于5 July 2018）. 
  78. ^ Al-Maliki Accuses Saudi Arabia of Supporting Terrorism. AlahedNews. 22 April 2014 [4 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  79. ^ Pileggi, Tamar. Iran denies top general called Saudi, not Israel, its enemy. 以色列时报. 15 March 2016 [15 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-16）. 
  80. ^ Iran Guards head calls Saudi Arabia 'terrorist state'. The Times of Israel. 4 July 2017 [15 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-16）. 
  81. ^ Saudi Arabia, Zionist regime behind resignation of Lebanese PM. 迈赫尔通讯社. 5 November 2017 [15 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-16）. 
  82. ^ State Department Terrorist Designation of Qassim Abdullah Ali Ahmed, AKA Qassim al-Muamen (新闻稿). United States Department of State. 13 August 2018 [4 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-14）. 
  83. ^ الولائي يدين الاعتداءات الجبانة من ال سعود على اطفال اليمن ويعلن تطوعه مرة اخرى لنصرة اهل اليمن – الحاج ابو الاء الولائي. 11 October 2018 [24 July 2022]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-11）. 
  84. ^ بالفيديو .. تصريح ناري لأبو مهدي المهندس حول السعودية والإمارات!. alkawthartv.com | قناة الکوثر. [5 July 2018]. （原始内容存档于5 September 2019）. 
  85. ^ PROFILE: New Saudi Interior Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Nayef. Al Arabiya English. 21 June 2017 [15 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-14）. 
  86. ^ Frantzman, Seth J. Riyadh's 'anti-Hezbollah minister'. 耶路撒冷邮报. 8 November 2017 [24 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-14）. 
  87. ^ تعيين المقدم عبيد فاضل الشمري بدلًا من السهيان. Alweeam.com.sa. 15 December 2015 [24 May 2018] （阿拉伯语）. [永久失效連結]
  88. ^ Tawfeeq, Mohammed. Saudi Arabia replaces military commanders in late-night reshuffle. CNN. 27 February 2018 [24 May 2018]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  89. ^ BDF Commander-in-Chief meets new Joint Peninsula Shield Forces Commander. Bahrain News Agency（英语：Bahrain News Agency）. 21 May 2014 [22 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-26）. 
  90. ^ Henderson, Simon. Saudi Arabia's Domestic and Foreign Intelligence Challenges. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 21 February 2014 [24 February 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-01）. 
  91. ^ Lippman, Thomas W. Saudi Intel Chief Prince Bandar Is Out, But Is He Really Out?. Middle East Institute. 16 April 2014 [14 July 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-15）. 
  92. ^ Al Saeri, Muqbil. A talk with Peninsula Shield force commander Mutlaq bin Salem Al Azima. 中東報. March 2011 [29 March 2011]. （原始内容存档于29 July 2011）. 
  93. ^ Bronner, Ethan; Slackman, Michael. Saudi Troops Enter Bahrain to Help Put Down Unrest. 纽约时报. 14 March 2011 [12 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-01）. 
  94. ^ Rubin, Jennifer. The Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy war. The Washington Post. 6 January 2016 [19 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-14）. 
  95. ^ Gerges, Fawaz. Saudi Arabia and Iran must end their proxy war in Syria. 衛報. 15 December 2013 [7 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-08）. 
  96. ^ Rogin, Josh. Iran and Saudi Arabia Clash Inside Syria Talks. 彭博新聞社. 4 November 2015 [7 March 2018]. （原始内容存档于4 May 2016）. ...Iran and Saudi Arabia to discuss anything civilly, much less come to an agreement on Syria, where both sides have proxy forces in the fight. 
  97. ^ Tisdall, Simon. Iran-Saudi proxy war in Yemen explodes into region-wide crisis. 衛報. 25 March 2015 [26 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-31）. 
  98. ^ Mabon, Simon. The Battle for Bahrain: Iranian-Saudi Rivalry. Middle East Policy Council. [16 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-22）. 
  99. ^ Ghattas, Kim. Iran-Saudi tensions simmer in Lebanon. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 20 May 2016 [21 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-07）. 
  100. ^ Kenyon, Peter. Qatar's Crisis With Saudi Arabia And Gulf Neighbors Has Decades-Long Roots. 全国公共广播电台. 17 June 2017 [28 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-24）. 
  101. ^ Rubin, Alissa J. Iraq Before the War: A Fractured, Pent-Up Society. 纽约时报. 6 July 2016 [13 July 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-14）. 
  102. ^ Marcus, Jonathan. Why Saudi Arabia and Iran are bitter rivals. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 16 September 2019 [31 October 2019]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-22） （英国英语）. 
  103. ^ 中东宿敌伊朗与沙特阿拉伯在北京斡旋下将恢复外交关系. RFI - 法国国际广播电台. 2023-03-10 [2023-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-13） （中文（简体））. 
  104. ^ 中国斡旋下，伊朗与沙特七年后恢复建交. BBC News 中文. 2023-03-11 [2023-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-14） （中文（简体））. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=伊朗—沙特阿拉伯代理人冲突&oldid=84921342”