昂丹司琼

(重定向自卓弗蘭

昂丹司瓊(Ondansetron),常見商品名 Zofran,是一種用於減少手術、化療放射治療後,惡心嘔吐的藥物[1]。亦可用於治療腸胃炎[2][3]。但對於動暈症幾乎無治療效果[4]。本品可經口服給藥,也可以肌肉注射靜脈注射使用[1]

昂丹司琼
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureZofran, Ondisolv, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601209
懷孕分級
给药途径by mouth, rectal, IV, IM
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度~60%
血漿蛋白結合率70%-76%
药物代谢Liver (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6)
生物半衰期5.7 hours
排泄途徑Kidney
识别信息
  • (RS)-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-carbazol-4(9H)-one
CAS号99614-02-5  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.110.918 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C18H19N3O
摩尔质量293.4 g/mol
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • O=C3c2c1ccccc1n(c2CCC3Cn4ccnc4C)C
  • InChI=1S/C18H19N3O/c1-12-19-9-10-21(12)11-13-7-8-16-17(18(13)22)14-5-3-4-6-15(14)20(16)2/h3-6,9-10,13H,7-8,11H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

常見的副作用包括腹瀉、頭痛、嗜睡和皮膚搔癢[1]。嚴重的話可能誘發QT波延長或是全身性過敏反應[1]妊娠期間用藥似為安全,但相關證據仍不足夠[1]。此藥物是一種高專一性的血清素5-HT3受體拮抗劑英语5-HT3 antagonist[1],並不會針對多巴胺受體蕈鹼類受器[5]

昂丹司瓊在1990年首次被作為藥物使用[6]。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单,該清單紀錄了一般衛生體系最需要的藥物[7]。目前已是學名藥[1]。其於開發中國家的每劑注射劑型批發價約介於0.1到0.76美金[8]。在美國,每顆藥物大約花費1.37美金[1]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Ondansetron Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [February 11, 2017]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-03). 
  2. ^ Schnadower, D; Finkelstein, Y; Freedman, SB. Ondansetron and probiotics in the management of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in developed countries.. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. January 2015, 31 (1): 1–6. PMID 25333367. doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000132. 
  3. ^ Freedman, SB; Ali, S; Oleszczuk, M; Gouin, S; Hartling, L. Treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children: an overview of systematic reviews of interventions commonly used in developed countries.. Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal. July 2013, 8 (4): 1123–37. PMID 23877938. doi:10.1002/ebch.1932. 
  4. ^ Sutton, M; Mounsey, AL; Russell, RG. FPIN's Clinical Inquiries. Treatment of motion sickness.. American Family Physician. 15 July 2012, 86 (2): 192–5. PMID 22962932. 
  5. ^ Miloro, ed. by Michael. Peterson's principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3rd. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA. 2012: 86 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01). 
  6. ^ Sneader, Walter. Drug discovery: a history Rev. and updated. Chichester: Wiley. 2005: 217 [2018-02-03]. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. (原始内容存档于2016-02-01). 
  7. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-12-13). 
  8. ^ Ondansetron. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [26 January 2016]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-10). 

外部連結

Template:5-HT3 antagonists