头霉素(英語:cephamycins)是一类β-内酰胺类抗生素,和头孢菌素同属于头孢烯衍生物,区别在于头霉素比头孢菌素多一个7α位置上的甲氧基[1]

头霉素的核心结构

头霉素的化学结构与头孢菌素相似,属“非典型”β-内酰胺酶类抗生素;因其药理特性与头孢菌素类似,故常以头孢命名,且不精确地归为头孢菌素类,但与大多数头孢菌素不同,头霉素是一种非常有效的抗厌氧微生物抗生素[2][3]

头霉素最早提取自链霉菌属Streptomyces),如耐内酰胺链霉菌Streptomyces lactamdurans),现已能进行人工合成。

例子

头霉素包括有:

参考文献

  1. ^ Oreste A. Mascaretti. Bacteria Versus Antibacterial Agents: An Integrated Approach. American Society Microbiology. 2003: 144. ISBN 1-55581-258-9. 
  2. ^ medscape.com. [2008-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-06). 
  3. ^ Vitaku, E., D. T. Smith and J. T. Njardarson. Analysis of the Structural Diversity, Substitution Patterns, and Frequency of Nitrogen Heterocycles among U.S. FDA Approved Pharmaceuticals. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2014, 57: 10257–10274. doi:10.1021/jm501100b. 
  4. ^ Little PJ, Peddie BA. Clinical use of cefoxitin, a new semisynthetic cephamycin. N. Z. Med. J. July 1978, 88 (616): 46–9. PMID 279853. 
  5. ^ Clarke AM, Zemcov SJ. Antibacterial activity of the cephamycin cefotetan: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 11. January 1983, Suppl: 67–72. PMID 6404881. doi:10.1093/jac/11.suppl_A.67. 
  6. ^ Benlloch M, Torres A, Soriano F. Cefmetazole (CS-1170): a new cephamycin with activity against gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. October 1982, 10 (4): 347–50 [2019-08-01]. PMID 6958672. doi:10.1093/jac/10.4.347. (原始内容存档于2020-03-19).