龍蝦瘟疫真菌

龍蝦瘟疫真菌
科学分类
界：	色藻界 Chromista
门：	淡色藻门 Ochrophyta
纲：	卵菌纲 Oomycetes
目：	水霉目 Saprolegniales
科：	细囊霉科 Leptolegniaceae
属：	丝囊霉属 Aphanomyces
种：	龍蝦瘟疫真菌 A. astaci
二名法
	Aphanomyces astaci; Schikora, 1906

龍蝦瘟疫真菌（學名：Aphanomyces astaci）是一種會感染淡水龍蝦的水黴，歐洲河螯蝦屬的生物在感染之後的數個星期內就會死去。澳大利亞、新幾內亞和日本的龍蝦也有感染的可能。^[2]被國際自然保護聯盟物種存續委員會的入侵物種專家小組（ISSG）列入世界百大外來入侵種。

分佈

1859年龍蝦瘟疫真菌首次出現在歐洲的意大利，當時的寄主可能是進口自北美的一些龍蝦，^[3] 也可能是來自壓艙水。^[4] 隨後這種真菌便迅速傳播到了整個歐洲。

描述

感染龍蝦瘟疫真菌的龍蝦尾部會變成白色或紅褐色。^[5] 雖然這種真菌原先的寄主，即產自北美的通訊螯蝦對其有抵抗力，^[3] 但至今仍沒有任何歐洲的龍蝦可以在感染此真菌後存活。^[6]^[7] 其孢子對溫度變化敏感。

措施

爲了防止龍蝦瘟疫真菌的蔓延，歐洲許多水產業部門都對區域間運輸時攜帶的水（例如壓倉水）有一定限額。同時规定在使用进口龍蝦作釣餌時，必须事先經過−10 °C（14 °F）以下低溫對其进行至少一天的冷凍處理。龍蝦瘟疫真菌的孢子在短短几周內就可以蔓延到整個水域，並感染當地龍蝦。^[7]

參考文獻

^ Paul Kirk. Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, 1906. World Register of Marine Species. 2010 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-07）.
^ Susan M. Bower. Crayfish plague (fungus disease). Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. June 28, 2006 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-12）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Christian Nellemann & Emily Corcoran (编). Restoration of a depleted crayfish fishery in Europe – lessons learnt. Dead Planet, Living Planet: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration for Sustainable Development (PDF). UNEP / Earthprint. 2010: 90–91 [2014-04-18]. ISBN 978-82-7701-083-0. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-07）.
^ Kei Westman. Alien crayfish in Europe: negative and positive impacts and interactions with native crayfish. Erkki Leppäkoski, Stephan Gollasch & Sergej Olenin (编). Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe: Distribution, Impacts, and Management. Springer. 2002: 76–95 [2014-04-18]. ISBN 978-1-4020-0837-5. （原始内容存档于2014-04-19）.
^ Nicky Buller. Crayfish Plague (PDF). Australia and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedure. Sub-Committee on Animal Health Laboratory Standards. September 2008. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-01-26）.
^ David Alderman. Aphanomyces astaci (PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. December 18, 2006 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Crayfish plague. Environment Agency. June 2, 2011 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-21）.

外部連結

Crayfish plague. Environment Agency. June 2, 2011 [2014-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-19）.
Global Invasive Species Database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Canadian Fisheries and Oceans Crayfish Plague information （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Trade Environment Database Case Study on Crayfish Plague （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Paul Kirk. Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, 1906. World Register of Marine Species. 2010 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-07）.

[2] Susan M. Bower. Crayfish plague (fungus disease). Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. June 28, 2006 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-12）.

[Nellemann-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Christian Nellemann & Emily Corcoran (编). Restoration of a depleted crayfish fishery in Europe – lessons learnt. Dead Planet, Living Planet: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration for Sustainable Development (PDF). UNEP / Earthprint. 2010: 90–91 [2014-04-18]. ISBN 978-82-7701-083-0. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-07）.

[4] Kei Westman. Alien crayfish in Europe: negative and positive impacts and interactions with native crayfish. Erkki Leppäkoski, Stephan Gollasch & Sergej Olenin (编). Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe: Distribution, Impacts, and Management. Springer. 2002: 76–95 [2014-04-18]. ISBN 978-1-4020-0837-5. （原始内容存档于2014-04-19）.

[Buller-5] Nicky Buller. Crayfish Plague (PDF). Australia and New Zealand Standard Diagnostic Procedure. Sub-Committee on Animal Health Laboratory Standards. September 2008. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-01-26）.

[6] David Alderman. Aphanomyces astaci (PDF). Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. December 18, 2006 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24）.

[EA-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Crayfish plague. Environment Agency. June 2, 2011 [June 29, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-21）.

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