维基百科

微分音音樂

（重定向自微分音乐）

微分音音樂（Microtonal music），或簡稱為微音音樂，微分音即比半音還要小的音程。微分音音樂亦曾在某些原始社會中出現過，古往以來也不乏作曲家和理論家對微分音的研究。

Harry Partch（英语：Harry Partch） 调性钻石, 43音階

在部分作品中，作曲家也曾少量使用微分音作為裝飾，以在傳統音高之中增加一些變化。他們大多各自使用自創的記譜法，來為傳統的五線譜表示微分音。巴爾托克·貝拉曾直接在音符旁標註箭頭，以上下指示微分音的升降。布洛赫則在音與音之間畫上斜線，以表示微分音的升降。阿洛伊斯·哈巴和潘德列茨基則是從升降記號的變形創造新記號，作為微分音的升降記號。

微分音音樂的記譜法問題，在作曲家之間一直難以達成共識，演奏家也不願意學習冷僻的記譜法。要續繼使用原有的五線譜，還是另外建立一套新的系統，至今也還沒有定論。

除此之外，還有微分音適當距離的問題。較早之前的是從十二個半音再分一半的24個四分之一音的音階。布索尼提倡36個音的音階，以六分之一音為最小音程。阿洛伊斯·哈巴隨後也發展出以十二分之一音為音程符號的樂制，一個八度音有72個音。

Julián Carrillo（英语：Julián Carrillo）設計了一種準確、靈活的新方法。C音以0表示，在一個八度音階裡，以連續的數目來表示音。例如半音音階可以0~11來表示，四分之一音的音階可以0~23表示。Joseph Yasser在他的著作《發展調性的理論》（A Theory of Evolving Tonality）中，反對以機械化的方式分割音，提倡在音樂演進的過程中擴展音階。他認為音樂的發展是從五聲音階到七聲音階，再從七聲音階到十二聲音階。根據這個發展過程，下一階段應該是十九聲音階，其中原先的十二音是正音，新的七個音是副音（相當於七音階的半音）。

Harry Partch則在《音樂的起源》（Genesis of a Music）詳細研究調律系統和音階，並以此提出43音階。

除此之外，還有演奏方面的問題。雖然聲樂、弦樂可以奏出微分音，但不易正確奏出。或者需要兩架鋼琴，調音相差四分之一音，再各自演奏分配開來的譜。還有專為微分音設計的特殊樂器，如Ervin M. Wilson的31音鍵盤。微分音的演奏工具，主要還是電子樂器。

微分音音樂的美學價值，到目前為止也還沒有定論。即使可以分辨出微分音音高上的微小差別，也無法保證其藝術價值。而且對於大多數的音樂家而言，微分音就是沒奏準的音。微分音音樂目前還處於開拓階段，主要還是進行實驗性質的工作。

參考文獻

  • Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna [Адэр, Лидия Олеговна]. 2011a. "Микротоновая идея: Истоки и предпосылки" [The Concept of Microtonality: Its Origin and Background]. Научный журнал Санкт-Петербургской консерватории [Opera musicologica: Naučnyj žurnal Sankt-Peterburgskoj konservatorii] 3-4, nos. 8-9:114–34.
  • Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna [Адэр, Лидия Олеговна]. 2011b. "Микротоновый инструментарий—первые шаги от утопии к практике" [Microtonal Instruments: The First Steps from Utopia to Practice]. In Временник Зубовского института: Инструментализм в истории культуры [Instrumentalism in the history of culture], edited by Evgenia Vladimirovna Hazdan, 52–65. Vremennik Zubovskogo instituta 7. St. Petersburg: Rossijskij Institut Istorii Iskusstv.
  • Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna [Адэр, Лидия Олеговна]. 2013. "Микротоновая музыка в Европе и России в 1900–1920-е годы". Non-doctoral diss. St Peterburg: Gosudarstvennaâ Konservatoriâ imeni N.A. Rimskogo-Korsakova.
  • Akopyan, Levon. 2010. Музыка ХХ века. Энциклопедический словарь [Music of the Twentieth Century: An Academic Dictionary], 353–54. Moscow: Praktika.
  • Amy, Gilbert. 1961. "Micro-intervalle". Encyclopédie de la musique, 3 vols., edited by François Michel in collaboration with François Lesure and Vladimir Fèdorov. Paris: Fasquelle.
  • Anon. 1990. "Микрохроматика" [Mikrochromatika"]. Музыкальный энциклопедический словарь [Musical Encyclopedic Dictionary], 344. Moscow: Sov'etskaya Entsiklopediya.
  • Anon. 1998. "micro-intervalle". Nouveau Larousse encyclopédique, second edition, edited by Yves Garnier. 2:1011. Paris: Larousse. ISBN 9782031531302 (set) ISBN 9782031531319 (vol. 1) ISBN 9782031531326 (vol. 2).
  • Anon. 2006. Музыкально-теоретические системы [Musical-Theoretical Systems]. Moscow: Kompozitor.
  • Anon. 2007. "Микрохроматические интервалы" [Mikrochromaticheskie Intervali]. Музыкальный словарь Гроува [Grove Music Dictionary], second edition, 563. Moscow: Praktika.
  • Anon. n.d. "Macrotonal". Xenharmonic Wiki blog at macrospaces.com (accessed 3 February 2016).
  • Apel, Willy. 1967. The Harvard Dictionary of Music, second edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Barbera, André. 2003. "Comma, Schisma". Harvard Dictionary of Music, fourth edition, edited by Don Michael Randel, 193. Cambridge, MA; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01163-2.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio. 2008. Enharmonic instruments and music 1470-1900. Latina, Italy: Il Levante Libreria Editrice, 2008. ISBN 978-88-95203-14-0.
  • Barbour, J. Murray. 1951. Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey. East Lansing: Michigan State College Press. Reprinted [n.p.]: Dover, 2004. ISBN 0-486-43406-0 (pbk).
  • Battier, Marc, and Thierry Lacino. 1984. "Simulation and Extrapolation of Instrumental Sounds Using Direct Synthesis at IRCAM (A Propos of Resonance)". Contemporary Music Review 1 (Musical Thought at IRCAM, edited by Tod Machover), no. 1:77–82.
  • Belyaev, Victor M. [Беляев, В. М.]. 1971a. "Азербайджанская народная песня (1960)" [Azerbaijan Folk Songs] , in Victor Belyaev, О музыкальном фольклоре и древней письменности [On Musical Folklore and Ancient Literature]. Moscow: Sov'etskii Kompozitor, 1971:108–56.
  • Belyaev, Victor. 1971b, "Турецкая музыка (1934)" [Turkish Music]. In Victor Belyaev, "О музыкальном фольклоре и древней письменности". Moscow: Sov'etskii Kompozitor, 1971:163–76; abridged English version as: Victor Belaiev, "Turkish Music", The Musical Quarterly 21, no. 3 (July 1935): 356–67.
  • Blackwood, Easley. n.d. Liner notes to "Blackwood: Microtonal Compositions". CDR018. N.p.: Cedille Records.[需要完整来源]
  • Blackwood, Easley, and Jeffrey Kust. 2005. Easley Blackwood: Microtonal Compositions, second edition. n.p.: Cedille. (First edition 1996.)[需要完整来源]
  • Blesh, Rudi. 1946. Shining Trumpets: A History of Jazz. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Boatwright, Howard. 1971. "Ives' Quarter-Tone Impressions". In Perspectives on American Composers, edited by Benjamin Boretz and Edward T. Cone, 3–12. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Boulez, Pierre. 1958. "'At the Ends of Fruitful Land …'", translated by Alexander Goehr. Die Reihe 1 (Electronic Music): 19–29. English edition.
  • Capellen, Georg. 1908. Fortschrittliche Harmonie- und Melodielehre. Leipzig: C. F. Kahnt Nachfolger.
  • Dahlhaus, Carl, Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht, and Kurt Oehl (eds). 1995. Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon in vier Bänden und einem Ergänzungsband, second edition, volume 4. Mainz: Atlantis-Schott Musikbuch-Verlag.
  • Carlos, Wendy. 1989–96. "Three Asymmetric Divisions of the Octave". wendycarlos.com (Accessed March 28, 2009).
  • Chou Wen-chung. 1971. "Asian Concepts and Twentieth-Century Western Composers". The Musical Quarterly 57, no. 2 (April): 211–29.
  • Conti, Luca. 2005. Suoni di una terra incognita: il microtonalismo in Nord America (1900–1940). Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana.
  • Conti, Luca. 2008. Ultracromatiche sensazioni: il microtonalismo in Europa (1840–1940). Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana.
  • Cook, Nicholas, and Anthony Pople. 2004 The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66256-7.
  • Couture, François. n.d. "Jon Catler: Evolution for Electric Guitar and Orchestra". AllMusic (Accessed 3 April 2013).
  • Criton, Pascale. 2010. "Variabilité et multiplicité acoustique". In Manières de faire des sons, edited by Antonia Soulez and Horacio Vaggione, 119–33. Musique-philosophie. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-12959-7.
  • Datta, Asoke Kumar, Ranjan Sengupta, Nityananda Dey, and Dipali Nag. 2006. "Experimental Analysis of Shrutis from Performances in Hindustani Music". Kolkata: ITC Sangeet Research Academy. ISBN 81-903818-0-6.
  • Decroupet, Pascal, and Elena Ungeheuer. 1998. "Through the Sensory Looking-Glass: The Aesthetic and Serial Foundations of Gesang der Jünglinge", translated from French by Jerome Kohl. Perspectives of New Music 36, no. 1 (Winter): 97–142.
  • Don, Gary. 2001. "Brilliant Colors Provocatively Mixed: Overtone Structures in the Music of Debussy". Music Theory Spectrum 23, no. 1 (Spring): 61–73.
  • Donval, Serge. 2006. Histoire de l'acoustique musicale. Courlay: Fuzeau. ISBN 9782841691524 (pbk).
  • Ellis, Alexander J. 1877. "On the Measurement and Settlement of Musical Pitch". Journal of the Society of Arts 25, no. 1279 (25 May): 664–87.
  • Ellis, Alexander J. 1884. "Tonometrical Observations on Some Existing Non-Harmonic Musical Scales". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 37:368–85.
  • Ferguson, Jim. 1999. All Blues Soloing for Jazz Guitar: Scales, Licks, Concepts & Choruses. Santa Cruz: Guitar Master Class; Pacific, MO: Mel Bay. ISBN 0-7866-4285-8.
  • Griffiths, Paul, and Mark Lindley. 1980. "Microtone". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie, 12:279–80. London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 1-56159-174-2.
  • Griffiths, Paul, Mark Lindley, and Ioannis Zannos. 2001. "Microtone". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Gurenko, N.A. [Гуренко Н.А]. 2010. "Микрохроматика И. Вышнеградского: История, теория, практика освоения" [The Microchomatics of I. Wyschnegradsky: History, Theory, Practice, Development]. PhD diss. Ekaterinburg: Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire.
  • Hába, Alois. 1921. Harmonische Grundlagen des Vierteltonsystems. Melos 3:201–209.
  • Hába, Alois. 1922. Vývoj hudební tvorby a theorie vzhledem k diatonice, chromatice a čtvrttónové soustavě. Listy hudební matice 1:35–40, 51–57.
  • Helmholtz, Hermann von. 1885. On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, second English edition, translated, thoroughly revised and corrected, rendered conformable to the fourth (and last) German edition of 1877, with numerous additional notes and a new additional appendix bringing down information to 1885, and especially adapted to the use of music students by Alexander J. Ellis. London: Longmans, Green.
  • Hesse, Horst-Peter. 1991. "Breaking into a New World of Sound: Reflections on the Austrian Composer Franz Richter Herf (1920–1989)". Perspectives of New Music 29, no. 1 (Winter): 212–35.
  • Howat, Roy. 2001. "Debussy, (Achille-)Claude: §10, 'Musical Language'". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Jedrzejewski, Franck. 2004. "Alois Hába et l'expérimentation micro-intervallique". In L'attraction et la nécessité: Musique tchèque et culture française au XXe siècle, edited by Xavier Galmiche and Lenka Stránská, foreword by Danièle Pistone, 169–75. Prague: Bärenreiter. ISBN 978-80-86385-27-3; Paris: Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV). ISBN 978-80-86385-27-3.
  • Jedrzejewski, Franck. 2014. Dictionnaire des musiques microtonales: 1892–2013, new, revised and enlarged edition. Paris: L’Harmattan. ISBN 9782343035406 (pbk).
  • Kogut, Gennady. A. 2005. Микротоновая музыка [Microtonal Music (in Russian). Kiev: Naukova Dumka. ISBN 966-00-0604-7.
  • Kholopov, Yuri Nikolaevich [Холопов Ю.Н.]. 1976. "Микрохроматика" [Microchromatics]. Музыкальная энциклопедия [Musical Encyclopedia] 3:587–89. Moscow: Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia [Great Soviet Encyclopedia].
  • Kholopov, Yuri Nikolaevich [Холопов Ю.Н.]. 2000. "Микро и последствия" [Micro and consequences]. In: Музыкальное образование в контексте культуры. [Music education in the cultural context], 27-38. Moscow: Gnessins Music Academy
  • Kholopov, Yuri N. 2003. Гармония. Теоретический курс [Harmony: Theoretical Course. St Petersburg: Lan.
  • Klishin, A. G."Проблемы музыкального строя в начале Нового времени" [Problems of Musical Structure in the Early Modern Era], PhD diss. Moscow: Moscow Conservatory.
  • Koenig, Laura Jeanne. 1995. "Air à la grecque: A Quarter-tone Piece for Flute in the Historical Context of the Enharmonic Genre in Eighteenth-century French Music and Theory". DMA diss. Iowa City: The University of Iowa.
  • Lesure, François. 2001. "Debussy, (Achille-)Claude: 7, 'Models and Influences'". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Lindley, Mark. 2001a. "Mean-tone". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Lindley, Mark. 2001b. "Temperaments". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Maclagan, Susan J. 2009. A Dictionary for the Modern Flutist. Lanham, MS, and Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-6711-6 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-8108-6728-4 (ebook).
  • McNaught, W. 1939. "Gramophone Notes". The Musical Times 80, no. 1152 (February): 102–104.
  • Mann, Maud (MacCarthy). 1912. "Some Indian Conceptions of Music". Proceedings of the Musical Association, 38th Session (1911–1912) (16 January): 41–65.
  • Meyer, Max. 1903. "Experimental Studies in the Psychology of Music". The American Journal of Psychology 14, nos. 3–4 (July–October): 192–214.
  • Möllendorff, Willy von. 1917. Musik mit Vierteltönen. Leipzig: Verlag F. E. C. Leuckart.
  • Nikoltsev, I. D. 2013. "Микрохроматика в системе современного музыкального мышления" [Microchomatics in Contemporary Musical Thought]. PhD diss. Moscow: Moscow conservatory.
  • Noyze, Dave, and Richard D. James.. 2014. "Aphex Twin Syrobonkers! Interview: Part 2". Noyzelab Blogspot.com.au (Monday, 10 November)
  • Partch, Harry. 1979. Genesis of a Music, second edition. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80106-X.
  • Pavlenko, Sergej Vasil'evič, Igor’ Kefalidi, and Viktor Alekseevič Ekimovskij. 2002. "Микротоновые элементы: Беседа" [Microtonal Elements: A Conversation]. Музыкальная академия [Muzykal'naâ akademiâ], no. 2:21–24.
  • Polunina, E. N. [Полунина Е.Н.]. 2010. "Микрохроматика в музыкальном искусстве позднего Возрождения" [Microchromatics in Music of the Late Renaissance]. PhD diss. Vladivostok: Far East State Academy of Arts.
  • Pressing, Jeff. 1992. Synthesizer Performance and Real-time Techniques. Madison: A-R Editions. ISBN 9780895792570.
  • Prieberg, Fred K. 1958. Lexikon der Neuen Musik. Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich: K. Alber.
  • Prieberg, Fred K. 1960. Musica ex machina: über das Verhältnis von Musik und Technik. Berlin, Frankfurt, and Vienna: Verlag Ullstein.
  • Rae, Caroline. 2013. “Messiaen and Ohana: Parallel Preoccupations or Anxiety of Influence?” In Messiaen Perspectives 2: Techniques, Influence and Reception, edited by Robert Fallon and Christopher Dingle, 153–74. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN ISBN 978-1-4094-2696-7.
  • Reilly, Edward R., and John Solum. 1992. "De Lusse, Buffardin, and an Eighteenth-Century Quarter Tone Piece". Historical Performance (Spring): 19–23.
  • Richter, Lukas. 2001. "Diesis (ii)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edite by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Riemann, Hugo. 1967. Riemann Musikexikon, twelfth fully revised edition, Band 3: Sachteil, edited by Wilibald Gurlitt and Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne.
  • Rigoni, Michel. 1998. Karlheinz Stockausen: ... un vaisseau lancé vers le ciel, second, revised, corrected, and enlarged edition, with a preface by Michaël Levinas. Musique de notre temps: compositeurs. [Lillebonne]: Millénaire III Éditions. ISBN 978-2-911906-02-2 (pbk).
  • Rovner, A. A. 2010. "Сергей Протопопов: композиторское творчество и теоретические работы" [Sergey Protopopov: composer's output and theoretical works]. PhD diss. Moscow: Moscow conservatory.
  • Rué, Roberto. 2000. "Diatonismo, cromatismo y microtonalismo: Una interpretación estructuralista". Música e investigación: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Musicología "Carlos Vega" 4, nos. 7-8:39-53.
  • Schulter, Margo. 1998. "Pythagorean Tuning and Medieval Polyphony". Medieval Music and Arts Foundation website, Todd McComb, editor (accessed 2 February 2016).
  • Schulter, Margo. 2001. "Xenharmonic Excursion to Padua, 1318: Marchettus, the Cadential Diesis, and Neo-Gothic Tunings". Medieval Music and Arts Foundation website, Todd McComb, editor (accessed 2 February 2016).
  • Spring, Glenn, and Jere Hutcheson. 2013. Musical Form and Analysis: Time, Pattern, Proportion. Long Grove: Waveland Press, Inc. ISBN 9781478607229.
  • Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1964. Texte 2: Aufsätze 1952–1962 zur musikalischen Praxis, edited and with an afterword by Dieter Schnebel. Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg.
  • Strangways, A. H. Fox. 1914 The Music of Hindostan . Oxford: Clarendon Press. Reprinted New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 1975.
  • Tsenova, V. S. [Ценова, В. С.] (ed.). 2007. Теория современной композиции [The Theory of ModernCompositon]. Moscow: Muzyka.
  • Von Gunden, Heidi. 1986. The Music of Ben Johnston. Metuchen, NJ, and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-1907-4.
  • Wallon, Simone. 1980. L'allemand musicologique. Guides Musicologiques. Paris: Editions Beauchesne. ISBN 2-7010-1011-X.
  • West, Martin Litchfield. 1992. Ancient Greek Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814897-6 (cloth) ISBN 0-19-814975-1 (pbk).
  • Whitfield, Charles. 1989. L'anglais musicologique: l'anglais des musiciens. Guides Musicologiques. Paris: Editions Beauchesne. ISBN 2-7010-1181-7.
  • Wilson, John, Krzysztof Penderecki, and Jonny Greenwood. 2012. Interview with Jonny and Krzysztof Penderecki. Front Row. BBC Radio 4 (23 March). Transcript from an audio recording of the broadcast, Citizen Insane website (accessed 21 July 2014).
  • Wyschnegradsky, Ivan. 1937. "La musique à quarts de ton et sa réalisation pratique". La Revue Musicale no. 171:26–33.
  • Wyschnegradsky, Ivan. 1972. "L'Ultrachromatisme et les espaces non octaviants". La Revue Musicale nos. 290–91:71-141.
  • Žabka, Marek. 2014. "Dancing with the Scales: Subchromatic Generated Tone Systems". Journal of Music Theory 58, no. 2 (Fall):179–233.
  • Zaminer, Frieder. 2006. "Harmonik und Musiktheorie im alten Griechenland". In Geschichte der Musiktheorie. Bd.2, hrsg. v. Thomas Ertelt, Heinz von Loesch und Frieder Zaminer. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, S.47-256. ISBN 3-534-01202-X

延伸閱讀

  • Aron, Pietro. 1523. Thoscanello de la musica. Venice: Bernardino et Mattheo de Vitali. Facsimile edition, Monuments of music and music literature in facsimile: Second series, Music literature 69. New York: Broude Brothers, 1969. Second edition, as Toscanello in musica . . . nuovamente stampato con laggiunta da lui fatta et con diligentia corretto, Venice: Bernardino & Matheo de Vitali, 1529. Facsimile reprint, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis, sezione 2., n. 10. Bologna: Forni Editori, 1969. Online edition of the 1529 text （意大利文）. Third edition, as Toscanello in musica, Venice: Marchio Stessa, 1539. Facsimile edition, edited by Georg Frey. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1970. Fourth edition, Venice, 1562. English edition, as Toscanello in music, translated by Peter Bergquist. 3 vols. Colorado College Music Press Translations, no. 4. Colorado Springs: Colorado College Music Press, 1970.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio. 1989. "An Unknown 15th-Century French Manuscript on Organ Building and Tuning". The Organ Yearbook: A Journal for the Players & Historians of Keyboard Instruments 20.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio. 2002. "The Evolution of Open-Chain Enharmonic Keyboards c1480–1650". In Chromatische und enharmonische Musik und Musikinstrumente des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts/Chromatic and Enharmonic Music and Musical Instruments in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Schweizer Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft/Annales suisses de musicologie/Annuario svizzero di musicologia 22, edited by Joseph Willimann. Bern: Verlag Peter Lang AG. ISBN 3-03910-088-2.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio. 2003. "Temperaments, Historical". In Piano: An Encyclopedia, second edition, edited by Robert Palmieri and Margaret W. Palmieri,[页码请求]. New York: Routledge.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio. 2008. Enharmonic instruments and music, 1470-1900. Latina: Il Levante Libreria Editrice. ISBN 978-88-95203-14-0.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio, Alessandro Barca, and conte Giordano Riccati. 1987. Acustica accordatura e temperamento nell'illuminismo Veneto. Pubblicazioni del Corso superiore di paleografia e semiografia musicale dall'umanesimo al barocco, Serie I: Studi e testi 5; Pubblicazioni del Corso superiore di paleografia e semiografia musicale dall'umanesimo al barocco, Documenti 2. Rome: Edizioni Torre d'Orfeo.
  • Barbieri, Patrizio, and Lindoro Massimo del Duca. 2001. "Late-Renaissance Quarter-tone Compositions (1555-1618): The Performance of the ETS-31 with a DSP System". In Musical Sounds from Past Millennia: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics 2001, edited by Diego L. González, Domenico Stanzial, and Davide Bonsi. 2 vols. Venice: Fondazione Giorgio Cini.
  • Barlow, Clarence (ed.). 2001. "The Ratio Book." (Documentation of the Ratio Symposium Royal Conservatory The Hague 14–16 December 1992). Feedback Papers 43.
  • Blackwood, Easley. 1985. The Structure of Recognizable Diatonic Tunings. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09129-3.
  • Blackwood, Easley. 1991. "Modes and Chord Progressions in Equal Tunings". Perspectives of New Music 29, no. 2 (Summer): 166–200.
  • Burns, Edward M. 1999. "Intervals, Scales, and Tuning." In The Psychology of Music, second edition, ed. Diana Deutsch. 215–64. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-213564-4.
  • Carr, Vanessa. 2008. "These Are Ghost Punks". Vanessa Carr’s website (29 February). (Accessed 2 April 2009)
  • Colonna, Fabio. 1618. La sambuca lincea, overo Dell'istromento musico perfetto. Naples: C. Vitale. Facsimile reprint of a copy containing manuscript critical annotations by Scipione Stella (1618–1624), with an introduction by Patrizio Barbieri. Musurgiana 24. Lucca, Italy: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 1991.
  • Daniels, Arthur Michael. 1965. "Microtonality and Mean-Tone Temperament in the Harmonic System of Francisco Salinas". Journal of Music Theory 9, no. 1 (Spring): 2–51.
  • Dumbrill, Richard J. 2000. The Musicology and Organology of the Ancient Near East, second edition. London: Tadema Press. ISBN 0-9533633-0-9.
  • Fink, Robert. 1988. "The Oldest Song in the World". Archaeologia Musicalis 2, no. 2:98–100.
  • Fritsch, Johannes G. 2007. "Allgemeine Harmonik, Tonsysteme, Mikrotonalität: Ein geschichtlicher Überblick". In Orientierungen: Wege im Pluralismus der Gegenwartsmusik, edited by Jörn Peter Hiekel, 107–22. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt 47. Mainz: Schott Musik International. ISBN 978-3-7957-1837-4.
  • Gilmore, Bob. 1998. Harry Partch: A Biography. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06521-3.
  • Haas, Georg Friedrich. 2007. "Mikrotonalität und spektrale Musik seit 1980". In Orientierungen: Wege im Pluralismus der Gegenwartsmusik, edited by Jörn Peter Hiekel, 123–29. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt 47. Mainz: Schott Musik International. ISBN 978-3-7957-1837-4.
  • Hába, Alois. 1927. Neue Harmonielehre des diatonischen, chromatischen Viertel-, Drittel-, Sechstel- und Zwölftel-tonsystems. Leipzig: Kistner & Siegel.
  • Jedrzejewski, Franck. 2003. Dictionnaire des musiques microtonales [Dictionary of Microtonal Musics]. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-5576-3.
  • Jedrzejewski, Franck. 2014. Dictionnaire des musiques microtonales. Nouvelle édition revue et augmentée (1892–2013) [Dictionary of Microtonal Musics]. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2343035406.
  • Johnston, Ben. 2006. 'Maximum Clarity' and other writings on music, ed. B. Gilmore. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
  • Kotschy, Johannes. 2008. "Mikrotonalität: Eine Zeiterscheinung?" Österreichische Musikzeitschrift 63, no. 7 (July): 8–15.
  • Landman, Yuri. [2008]. "Third Bridge Helix: From Experimental Punk to Ancient Chinese Music and the Universal Physical Laws of Consonance". Perfect Sound Forever (online music magazine) (accessed 6 December 2008).
  • Landman, Yuri. n.d. "Yuichi Onoue’s Kaisatsuko" on Hypercustom.com (accessed 31 March 2009).
  • Leedy, Douglas. 1991. "A Venerable Temperament Rediscovered". Perspectives of New Music 29, no. 2 (Summer): 202–11.
  • Mandelbaum, M. Joel. 1961. "Multiple Division Of the Octave and the Tonal Resources of the 19 Tone Temperament". Ph.D. thesis. Bloomington: Indiana University.
  • Mosch, Ulrich. 2008. "Ultrachromatik und Mikrotonalität: Hans Zenders Grundlegung einer neuen Harmonik". In Hans Zender: Vielstimmig in sich, edited by Werner Grünzweig, Anouk Jeschke, and Jörn Peter Hiekel, 61–76. Archive zur Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, No. 12. Hofheim:Wolke. ISBN 978-3-936000-25-2.
  • Stahnke, Manfred. 2010. "About Backyards and Limbos: Microtonality Revisited". In Concepts, Experiments and Fieldwork: Studies in Systematic Musicology and Ethnomusicology, edited by Rolf Bader, Christiane Neuhaus, and Ulrich Morgenstern, with a prefaceby Achim Reichel, 297–314. Frankfurt am Main and New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-631-58902-1.
  • Vitale, Raoul. 1982. "La Musique suméro-accadienne: gamme et notation musicale". Ugarit-Forschungen 14: 241–63.
  • Werntz, Julia. 2001. "Adding Pitches: Some New Thoughts, Ten Years after Perspectives of New Music's 'Forum: Microtonality Today'". Perspectives of New Music 39, no. 2 (Summer): 159–210.
  • Wood, James. 1986. "Microtonality: Aesthetics and Practicality". The Musical Times 127, no. 1719 (June): 328–30.
  • Zweifel, Paul. 1996. "Generalized Diatonic and Pentatonic Scales: A Group-Theoretic Approach". Perspectives of New Music 34, no. 1 (Winter): 140–61.

外部連結

 
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：微分音音樂

template:Musical tuning（英语：template:Musical tuning）

template:Microtonal music（英语：template:Microtonal music） template:Modernism (music)（英语：template:Modernism (music)）

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=微分音音樂&oldid=72368218”