水鱼龙属

水鱼龙属; 化石时期：晚侏罗世，启莫里期 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行綱 Reptilia
目：	†鱼龙目 Ichthyosauria
科：	†大眼鱼龙科 Ophthalmosauridae
亚科：	†扁鳍鱼龙亚科 Platypterygiinae
属：	†水鱼龙属 Acuetzpalin; Barrientos-Lara & Alvarado-Ortega, 2020
模式種
	†卡氏水鱼龙; Acuetzpalin carranzai; Barrientos-Lara & Alvarado-Ortega, 2020

水鱼龙（学名：Acuetzpalin，在古代纳瓦特尔语中意为“水的蜥蜴”）是大眼鱼龙科扁鳍鱼龙亚科鱼龙已灭绝的一个属，化石发现于启莫里期^[1]^[2]的墨西哥拉卡西塔组（英语：La Casita Formation）。^[3]已发现一具不完整骨骼（缺少四肢），其中颅骨惊人地保存完好。考虑正模标本缺失部分，估计其身长超过3.1米（10英尺）。^[3]它是2020年描述的第一种鱼龙，也是自2017年以来首个被描述的鱼龙属（2017年发现了真加鱼龙^[4]和凯尔豪鱼龙（英语：Keilhauia）^[5]）。

分类

2020年进行的一项系统发育分析发现水鱼龙是扁鳍鱼龙亚科成员，也是该亚科最进阶的物种之一。^[3]

种系发生学

以下分支图来自泽维科夫与雅各（2020年）的分析，显示了本属在大眼鱼龙科中可能的系统发育位置。^[6]

大眼鱼龙类 Ophthalmosauria

大眼鱼龙亚科 Ophthalmosaurinae

密接实泳鱼龙 Acamptonectes densus

始祖莫勒斯鱼龙 Mollesaurus periallus

	泅泳大眼鱼龙 Ophthalmosaurus natans

	艾森尼大眼鱼龙 Ophthalmosaurus icenicus

尼氏真加鱼龙 Gengasaurus nicosiai

亚氏小鳍鱼龙 Nannopterygius yasykovi

	包齿小鳍鱼龙 Nannopterygius enthekiodon

	萨茹列夫小鳍鱼龙 Nannopterygius saveljeviensis

	北方小鳍鱼龙 Nannopterygius borealis

伏尔加关节鳍鱼龙 Arthropterygius volgensis

隆氏关节鳍鱼龙 Arthropterygius lundi

南海关节鳍鱼龙 Arthropterygius thalassonotus

	霍氏关节鳍鱼龙 Arthropterygius hoybergeti

	克氏关节鳍鱼龙 Arthropterygius chrisorum

扁鳍鱼龙亚科 Platypterygiinae

极端短鳍鱼龙 Brachypterygius extremus

细椎阿戈尔鱼龙 Aegirosaurus leptospondylus

垂直穆伊斯卡鱼龙 Muiscasaurus catheti

星纹列宁鱼龙 Leninia stellans

独特巧泳鱼龙 Sveltonectes insolitus

油砂矿阿萨巴斯卡鱼龙 Athabascasaurus bitumineus

美洲扁鳍鱼龙 Platypterygius americanus

	卡氏水鱼龙 Acuetzpalin carranzai

	萨奇卡扁鳍鱼龙 Platypterygius sachicarum

	波氏礁灵鱼龙 Caypullisaurus bonapartei

	噬咬格兰道鱼龙 Grendelius mordax

	亚氏格兰道鱼龙 Grendelius alekseevi

	伪斯基泰格兰道鱼龙 Grendelius pseudoscythicus

	朱氏格兰道鱼龙 Grendelius zhuravlevi

凯氏温多雷鱼龙 Undorosaurus kielanae

	尼氏温多雷鱼龙 Undorosaurus nessovi

	戈罗季谢温多雷鱼龙 Undorosaurus gorodischensis

南方扁鳍鱼龙 Platypterygius australis

	贝登普卢托尼亚鱼龙 Plutoniosaurus bedengensis

	比氏辛比尔斯克鱼龙 Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi

	哈茨山扁鳍鱼龙 Platypterygius hercynicus

	西氏锡斯特龙鱼龙 Sisteronia seeleyi

	平趾扁鳍鱼龙 Platypterygius platydactylus

	林氏慈母椎龙 Maiaspondylus lindoei

参考资料

^ Zell, P., Stinnesbeck, W. Salinites grossicostatum (Imlay, 1939) and S. finicostatum sp. nov. from the latest Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of northeastern Mexico.. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 2016, 68 (2): 305–311. doi:10.18268/BSGM2016v68n2a8  .
^ Ocampo-Díaz., Yam Zul Ernesto. Procedencia de la Formación La Casita y la Arcosa Patula: implicaciones para la evolución tectono-magmática del NE de México entre el Carbonífero y el Jurásico. (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 2014, 31: 45–63.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jair Israel Barrientos Lara; Jesús Alvarado Ortega; Marta S.Fernández. Acuetzpalin carranzai gen et sp. nov. A new ophthalmosauridae (Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Durango, North Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2020, 98: Article 102456. Bibcode:2020JSAES..9802456B. S2CID 213102661. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102456.
^ Ilaria Paparella; Erin E. Maxwell; Angelo Cipriani; Scilla Roncacè; Michael W. Caldwell. The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian–Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy). Geological Magazine. 2017, 154 (4): 837–858. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154..837P. S2CID 132955874. doi:10.1017/S0016756816000455.
^ Lene Liebe Delsett; Aubrey J. Roberts; Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Jørn H. Hurum. A New Ophthalmosaurid (Ichthyosauria) from Svalbard, Norway, and Evolution of the Ichthyopterygian Pelvic Girdle. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (1): e0169971. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1269971D. PMC 5266267  . PMID 28121995. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169971  .
^ Nikolay G. Zverkov & Megan L. Jacobs. Revision of Nannopterygius (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 191 (1): 228–275 [2020]. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028.

[1] Zell, P., Stinnesbeck, W. Salinites grossicostatum (Imlay, 1939) and S. finicostatum sp. nov. from the latest Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of northeastern Mexico.. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 2016, 68 (2): 305–311. doi:10.18268/BSGM2016v68n2a8  .

[2] Ocampo-Díaz., Yam Zul Ernesto. Procedencia de la Formación La Casita y la Arcosa Patula: implicaciones para la evolución tectono-magmática del NE de México entre el Carbonífero y el Jurásico. (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. 2014, 31: 45–63.

[Lara2020-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jair Israel Barrientos Lara; Jesús Alvarado Ortega; Marta S.Fernández. Acuetzpalin carranzai gen et sp. nov. A new ophthalmosauridae (Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Jurassic of Durango, North Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2020, 98: Article 102456. Bibcode:2020JSAES..9802456B. S2CID 213102661. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102456.

[4] Ilaria Paparella; Erin E. Maxwell; Angelo Cipriani; Scilla Roncacè; Michael W. Caldwell. The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian–Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy). Geological Magazine. 2017, 154 (4): 837–858. Bibcode:2017GeoM..154..837P. S2CID 132955874. doi:10.1017/S0016756816000455.

[5] Lene Liebe Delsett; Aubrey J. Roberts; Patrick S. Druckenmiller; Jørn H. Hurum. A New Ophthalmosaurid (Ichthyosauria) from Svalbard, Norway, and Evolution of the Ichthyopterygian Pelvic Girdle. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (1): e0169971. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1269971D. PMC 5266267  . PMID 28121995. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169971  .

[Zverkov2020-6] Nikolay G. Zverkov & Megan L. Jacobs. Revision of Nannopterygius (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 191 (1): 228–275 [2020]. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]