深海扇(英語:abyssal fan),又稱海底扇、如同陸上冲積扇外形,但它是由濁積流形成的沉積構造。深海扇的規模有很大差異,寬度從幾公里到幾千公里不等。最大的是孟加拉扇,其次是印度河扇,但主要扇也有在亞馬遜剛果密西西比和其他地方的出口處發現[1][2][3]

濁積流一般形成在大陸架邊緣,沿著大陸坡向下流動時繫帶大量沉積物。到了大陸坡底水流變慢。減少水流輸送沉積物的能力,沉積其攜帶的顆粒,從而形成海底扇[3]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Clift; Gaedicke; Edwards; Lee; Hildebrand; Amjad; White & Schlüter (2002). "The stratigraphic evolution of the Indus Fan and the history of sedimentation in the Arabian Sea". Marine Geophysical Researches. 23 (3): 223–245. doi:10.1023/A:1023627123093.
  2. ^ Covault, J.A. (2011). "Submarine Fans and Canyon-Channel Systems: A Review of Processes, Products, and Models". Nature Education Knowledge. 3 (10): 4.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Shanmugam, G. (2016). "Submarine fans: A critical retrospective (1950–2015)". Journal of Palaeogeography. 5 (2): 110–184. doi:10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011