破碎地带

破碎地带（英語：shatter belt; shatter zone;^[1] crush zone^[2]）是地缘政治学中的一个概念，是指政治版图上具有战略地位和导向的区域，这些区域内部分裂严重，并陷入了大国在地缘战略领域和势力范围的竞争。^[3]

该术语于1961年由美国印第安纳州布卢明顿的学者Gordon East首次应用于地缘政治学。^[4]它借用自地质学中的“斷層”的概念，即“某种程度上垂直的层面上的水平运动产生的破碎岩石带”。^[1]

定义

地缘政治学中所说的破碎地带的概念源于一种分析方法，该方法从地缘政治斗争以及军事、政治关系的角度来审视世界的国家和帝国版图。破碎地带是一种战略要地，这种地区有内部分裂并引发大量冲突的倾向，同时又对大国具有重要战略意义。这些地区之所以脆弱，是长期冲突的结果，这些冲突可能有很大的破坏性影响，也可能是轻微的混乱，而且这些地区普遍有发生灾难性冲突的倾向。^[4]因此，“破碎地带”一词所指的地理区域，通常受到地区内国家内或国家间的局部冲突以及地区外的敌对大国干涉的威胁。^[5]所谓的破碎地带经常被指责为国家间战争和冲突，特别是大国冲突的罪魁祸首。从卷入国家冲突以及于这些冲突的密切联系来看，破碎带同时也是世界政治和国际关系中的主要危机的热点或难以触及的地区。^[6]与大多数具有不同程度凝聚力的地缘政治区域不同，破碎地带是全球不稳定因素。^[3]

巴尔干半岛、^[7]东欧、^[2]^[4]高加索、^[8]中东^[9]均曾被认为是破碎地带。

参见

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Raffield, B. Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 2021, 28 (3): 871–910. doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09520-y.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 O'loughlin, J. Ordering the ‘crush zone’: Geopolitical games in post‐cold war eastern Europe. Geopolitics. 1999, 4 (1): 34–56.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Cohen, Saul. Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003: 43. ISBN 978-0847699070.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gosar, Anton. The Shatter Belt and the European Core – A Geopolitical Discussion on the Untypical Case of Slovenia. GeoJournal – Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities. 2000,. October vol. 52, 2 (2): 107–117. S2CID 140390836. doi:10.1023/A:1013306804212.
^ Hensel, Paul R.; Diehl, Paul F. Testing empirical propositions about shatterbelts, 1945–76. Political Geography. January 1994, 13, 1: 33–52. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(94)90009-4.
^ Шаревски, Марио. Геополитичката положба на Македонија како ранлива точка на балканскиот појас на кршливост во услови на бегалската криза. Геополитичката и геостратегиската положба на Република Македонија во услови на мигрантската и бегалска криза. 2017,. Македонска академија на науките и уметностите: 159.
^ Humanist. Dictionary of Geography: Shatterbelt. Dictionary of Geography. 2 October 2015 [17 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-05）.
^ Nation, R. C. Russia and the Caucasus. Connections. 2015, 14 (2): 1–12 [2023-07-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-13）.
^ Cohen, S. B. Middle East geopolitical transformation: The disappearance of a shatterbelt. Journal of Geography. 1992, 91 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1080/00221349208979330.

[Raffield-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Raffield, B. Broken Worlds: Towards an Archaeology of the Shatter Zone. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 2021, 28 (3): 871–910. doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09520-y.

[O'loughlin-2] 2.0 ^2.1 O'loughlin, J. Ordering the ‘crush zone’: Geopolitical games in post‐cold war eastern Europe. Geopolitics. 1999, 4 (1): 34–56.

[Cohen-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Cohen, Saul. Geopolitics of the World System. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003: 43. ISBN 978-0847699070.

[Gosar-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Gosar, Anton. The Shatter Belt and the European Core – A Geopolitical Discussion on the Untypical Case of Slovenia. GeoJournal – Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities. 2000,. October vol. 52, 2 (2): 107–117. S2CID 140390836. doi:10.1023/A:1013306804212.

[Hansen_&_Diel-5] Hensel, Paul R.; Diehl, Paul F. Testing empirical propositions about shatterbelts, 1945–76. Political Geography. January 1994, 13, 1: 33–52. doi:10.1016/0962-6298(94)90009-4.

[Шаревски-6] Шаревски, Марио. Геополитичката положба на Македонија како ранлива точка на балканскиот појас на кршливост во услови на бегалската криза. Геополитичката и геостратегиската положба на Република Македонија во услови на мигрантската и бегалска криза. 2017,. Македонска академија на науките и уметностите: 159.

[Dictionary-7] Humanist. Dictionary of Geography: Shatterbelt. Dictionary of Geography. 2 October 2015 [17 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-05）.

[8] Nation, R. C. Russia and the Caucasus. Connections. 2015, 14 (2): 1–12 [2023-07-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-13）.

[9] Cohen, S. B. Middle East geopolitical transformation: The disappearance of a shatterbelt. Journal of Geography. 1992, 91 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1080/00221349208979330.

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