聖亞博那
拉文納的聖亞博那 (義大利語：Apollinare) 是一名敘利亞聖人，在羅馬殉道聖人錄中這樣描繪他：“教會傳統上，這位主教，在眾多民族中傳播基督深不可測的財富的同時，他作為一名好牧人引領了他的羊群，並以自己光榮的殉道榮耀了拉文納以及克拉塞的教會。”[1]
| 聖亞博那 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主教、殉道 | |
| 出生 | 羅馬敘利亞省，安條克 (現今的土耳其的安塔基亚) |
| 逝世 | 意大利，拉文納 |
| 敬礼於 | 羅馬天主教, 東方正教會 |
| 瞻礼 | 7月20日 (羅馬天主教, 東方正教會) 7月23日 (1969年之前的羅馬天主教聖人歷) |
| 象徵 | 劍 |
| 主保 | 癫痫; 痛风; 艾米利亚-罗马涅地區 (意大利) 亚琛, 布特塞德, 杜塞尔多夫, 拉文納, 雷马根 |
聖亞博那的瞻禮日於7月20日慶祝。[2]
生平
根據教會傳統，聖亞博那是二世紀時，東方敘利亞安條克的一位司鐸。他向西方傳播基督福音，被升任為拉文納的首任主教，並領導拉文納附近克拉塞教會。他長期受到迫害，他和基督徒信眾在羅馬皇帝韦斯巴芗的迫害中（或是尼祿）被放逐。他在途中被人認出，被逮捕後被劍刺死殉道。數個世紀後，他顯現在聖罗慕铎的神視中。
而另外的傳說則稱他於瓦伦斯皇帝執政時殉道。
20世紀的 天主教百科全書 依據教會傳統這樣描述他：
He was made Bishop of Ravenna, Italy, by Saint Peter himself. The miracles he wrought there soon attracted official attention, for they and his preaching won many converts to the Faith, while at the same time bringing upon him the fury of the idolaters, who beat him cruelly and drove him from the city. He was found half-dead on the seashore, and kept in concealment by the Christians, but was captured again and compelled to walk on burning coals and a second time expelled. But he remained in the vicinity, and continued his work of evangelization. We find him then journeying in the Roman province of Aemilia [in Italy]. A third time he returned to Ravenna. Again he was captured, hacked with knives, had scalding water poured over his wounds, was beaten in the mouth with stones because he persisted in preaching, and was flung into a horrible dungeon, loaded with chains, to starve to death; but after four days he was put on board a ship and sent to Greece. There the same course of preachings, miracles and sufferings continued; and when his very presence caused the oracles to be silent, he was, after a cruel beating, sent back to Italy. All this continued for three years, and a fourth time he returned to Ravenna. By this time Vespasian was Emperor, and he, in answer to the complaints of the pagans, issued a decree of banishment against the Christians. Apollinaris was kept concealed for some time, but as he was passing out of the gates of the city, was set upon and savagely beaten, probably at Classis, a suburb, but he lived for seven days, foretelling meantime that the persecutions would increase, but that the Church would ultimately triumph. It is not certain what was his native place, though it was probably Antioch. Nor is it sure that he was one of the seventy-two disciples of Christ, as has been suggested. The precise date of his consecration cannot be ascertained, but he was Bishop of Ravenna for twenty-six years.[3]
由於克拉塞地區的二世紀基督教文獻顯示，該地區基督教歷史可追溯到很早的年份，拉文納第十二任主教Severus參加過公元343年召開的撒底迦會議。因此，學者們估計聖亞博那大概最晚於二世紀末殉道，有可能在皇帝塞普蒂米乌斯·塞维鲁執政時殉道。
參考文獻
- ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
- ^ 七月的聖人歷（拉丁文）. [2014-07-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: St Apollinaris. [2014-07-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-15）.
外部連結
- Santi Beati: Sant'Apollinare di Ravenna, Vescovo e martire （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） （意大利文）
- American Catholic - Saint of the Day: St Apollinaris
- Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Apollinaris （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Saint Apollinaris" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at the Christian Iconography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） website
- "Here Followeth the Life of St. Appolinaris" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend