軟腭鼻音

軟腭鼻音(velar nasal、agma)是輔音的一種,中文俗稱後鼻音,在國際音標中以ŋ(ng)表示,在X-SAMPA中以N表示。現代標準漢語的 ang、eng、ing、ong 的韻尾ng(ㄥ)就是此音。

軟腭鼻音
ŋ
IPA編號119
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ŋ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+014B
X-SAMPA音標N
ASCII音標N
IPA盲文英语IPA Braille⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
音頻範例

特徵

ŋ的變音

IPA 描述
ŋ 原本的 ŋ
ŋ̊ 清化 ŋ
ŋ̍ 自成音節的 ŋ
ŋ̈ 氣聲化 ŋ
ŋ̃ 吱嘎音化 ŋ
ŋʷ 唇化 ŋ

出現語言

該音見於漢語中

  • 現代標準漢語僅用於韻尾: /jiŋ˥/
  • 部分官话 等零声母开口字,皆为软腭鼻音。
  • 粵語,此音可以在音首和音末中出現,如 /ŋɔː˩˧/ /hɪŋ˥/ /ŋɔːŋ˨˩/;亦可單獨出現,如 /ŋ̩˨˩/ /ŋ̩˩˧/
  • 吳語,字首現於,其餘从廣韻疑母字皆以ŋ作聲母。字末現于,其餘从廣韻通江宕梗曾攝平上去聲以ŋ作韻尾。儿化音以ŋ结尾,如女儿 /ȵyŋ/
  • 閩語,可作聲母,如:閩東片福州話 /ŋuai˧˧/、閩南片泉漳話 /ŋeʔ˦/韻尾,閩東片福州話的 /kuŋ˥˥/、閩南片泉漳話的 /kʰaŋ˦˦/成音節輔音,如閩東片福州話僅限合音連讀變調現象裡“伓通”和讀俗語話“三吼四伓應”時裡的 /ŋ˥˥/、閩東片霞浦話 /ŋ˥˥/、閩南片泉漳話的/ŋ˨˦//kŋ˦˦/

該音見於英語中

英語中,軟腭鼻音只能發生在韻尾,有以下兩種情況:

  • 軟腭鼻音發生在一個單詞(或語素)的結束時,寫作<ng>:sing /sɪŋ/
  • 軟腭鼻音發生在軟腭塞音(/k//g/)之前,成為(主要音素 |N|) 而寫作<n>:bank /bæŋkʰ/; finger /'fɪŋgə(ɹ)/

該音見於其他語言中

參考文獻

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  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine, Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009 
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  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina, Castilian Spanish, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2003, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373  
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  • Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III, The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2010, 40 (2): 199–215 [2021-08-28], doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-16) 
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參閲

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