雙模火山活動
雙模火山活動（英語：Bimodal volcanism）
是指一種火山活動能從單一火山中心噴發出鎂鐵質和長英質熔岩，很少或沒有中間成分的熔岩。 這種類型的火山活動通常與伸展構造區域有關，特別是裂谷。
產狀
大多數雙模火山活動與地殼變薄有關，而在變質岩石中，若有此類岩石也被用來證明過去裂谷存在的證據[1] 。 在活躍的大陸裂谷地區有很多例子，如美國西部的盆地和山脈區。雙模式火山活動也被解釋為過渡區域產物[2]，例如早期形成階段的弧後盆地[3]以及大陸和海洋殼的熱點，例如黃石公園、阿納欣（Anahim）和加那利（Canary）群島的產物[4][5][6]。
成因
雙模火山活動通常被解釋是因爲地殼部分熔融。當大量熱的玄武質岩漿從地幔源中上升時，能造成地殼部分熔融而產生花崗質岩漿。這兩種岩漿分別在獨立的岩漿室，導致週期性噴發這兩種類型的熔岩[7][8]。
參考文獻
- ^ Brewer, T.S., Ahall, K-L., Menuge, J.F., Storey, C.D. & Parrish, R.R. 2004. Mesoproterozoic bimodal volcanism in SW Norway, evidence for recurring pre-Sveconorwegian continental margin tectonism, Precambrian Research, 134, 249–273.
- ^ Till, A.B., Roeske, S.M., Bradley, D.C., Friedman, R. & Layer, P.W. 2007. Early Tertiary transtension-related deformation and magmatism along the Tintina fault system, Alaska, The Geological Society of America Special Paper 434, 233–264
- ^ Fujioka, K., Nishimura, A., Koyama, M., and Kotake, N., 1990. Bimodal arc volcanism and backarc rifting along Izu-Bonin Arc. Eos, 71, 956.
- ^ Christiansen, R.L.; Foulger G.R.; Evans J.R. (2002). "Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 114 (10): 1245–1256. Bibcode:2002GSAB..114.1245C. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1245:umooty>2.0.co;2. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ^ Kuehn, Christian; Guest, Bernard; K. Russell, James; A. Benowitz, Jeff (2015). "The Satah Mountain and Baldface Mountain volcanic fields: Pleistocene hot spot volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt, west-central British Columbia, Canada". Bulletin of Volcanology. Springer: 25
- ^ Freundt-Malecha, B.; Schminke H.-U.; Freundt A. (2001). "Plutonic rocks of intermediate composition on Gran Canaria: the missing link of the bimodal volcanic rock suite". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 141 (4): 430–445. Bibcode:2001CoMP..141..430F. doi:10.1007/s004100100250
- ^ Maria, A. & Hermes, O.D. 2001. Volcanic rocks in the Narragansett Basin, southeastern New England: Petrology and significance to early basin formation American Journal of Science, 301, 286–312.
- ^ Tamura, Y. & Tatsumi, Y. 2002. Remelting of an Andesitic Crust as a Possible Origin for Rhyolitic Magma in Oceanic Arcs: an Example from the Izu–Bonin Arc. Journal of Petrology, 43, 1029–1047.