竹叶青蛇属

蝰科的一属爬行动物
(重定向自青竹絲

竹叶青属(学名:Trimeresurus),又名竹葉青蛇屬青竹絲屬,是蝰蛇科的其中一属,主要分布在亚洲印度东南亚中国以及太平洋上的岛屿,共有三十多种,台灣話稱為青竹絲,屬於破壞血小板凝固功能的出血性毒蛇

竹叶青蛇属
白唇竹葉青Trimeresurus albolabris
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科: 蝰科 Viperidae
亚科: 蝮蛇亞科 Crotalinae
属: 竹叶青蛇属 Trimeresurus
Lacépède, 1804

約30種,詳見內文。

異名
  • Cryptelytrops Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
  • Parias Gray, 1849
  • Peltopelor Vogel et al., 2004
  • Viridovipera Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
  • Craspedocephalus
    Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
  • Trimeresura Fleming, 1822
  • Craspedocephalus Gray, 1825
  • Megaera Wagler, 1830
  • Atropos Wagler, 1830
  • Trimesurus Gray, 1842

特征

竹叶青蛇是具管牙、颊窝的毒蛇。牙较大,但没有蝰蛇牙大。头三角形,吻尖。尾巴后面红了一节,这是与翠青蛇最明显的区别。南亞採茶時傳職業傷害被此蛇咬到手指。

血循毒为主,平均一次排毒5毫克。人致死剂量100毫克。

分类及分布

广泛分布于除北亚、中亚、西亚和日本以外所有的亚洲,常見攀附在叢上。

截止2022年6月1日,根据reptile-database中的数据,本属包含43种:[1]

2004年,英国班戈大学阿妮塔·马尔霍特拉(Anita Malhotra)和罗杰·S·索普(Roger S Thorpe)结合半阴茎形态、鳞片特征和分子生物学证据,对广义的竹叶青属进行了系统学研究,认为广义的竹叶青属不是一个单系,恢复腺蝮属(Cryptelytrops)、等蝮属(Parias)和奇盾蝮属(Peltopelor)3属,新建了喜山蝮属Himalayophis)、坡普蝮属Popeia)和绿蝮属Viridovipera)3属。[16][17]但是也有学者认为被拆分的诸属实际上是竹叶青属的亚属。[18]

参考文献

  1. ^ Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的 Trimeresurus
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 David, Patrick; Vogel, Gernot; Vijayakumar, S.P.; Vidal, Nicolas. 2006. A revision of the Trimeresurus puniceus – complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa. 1293:1-78
  3. ^ Kin Onn Chan, Shahrul Anuar, Ananthanarayanan Sankar, Ingg Thong Law, Ing Sind Law, Rasu Shivaram, Ching Christian, Daniel G. Mulcahy and Anita Malhotra. 2023. A New Species of Pit-viper from the Ayeyarwady and Yangon regions in Myanmar (Viperidae, Trimeresurus). ZooKeys. 1186: 221-234. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.110422
  4. ^ Grismer L. L., Grismer J. L. & McGuire J. A., 2006. A new species of pitviper of the genus Popeia (Squamata: Viperidae) from Pulau Tioman, Pahang, West Malaysia. Zootaxa. 1305: 1-19.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Gernot Vogel, Patrick David and Irvan Sidik. 2022. A Review of the Complex of Trimeresurus hageni (Lidth de Jeude, 1886) (Squamata: Viperidae) with Descriptions of Three New Insular Species from Indonesia. TAPROBANICA. 11(2); 54–83. DOI: 10.47605/tapro.v11i2.283
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Malhotra, A., R. S. Thorpe, Mrinalini and B. L. Stuart. 2011. Two new species of pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops Cope 1860 (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa. 2757: 1–23. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt02757p023.pdf页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  7. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Tanapong Tawan, Thanawut Worranuch, Bunyarit Dechochai, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Tan Van Nguyen, Lawan Chanhome and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2023. Limestone Jewel: A New colourful Karst-dwelling Pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the poorly explored borderlands of southern peninsular Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 697-716. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e109854
  8. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Tan Van Nguyen, Andrey M. Bragin, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Dac Xuan Le, Gernot Vogel, Patrick David and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2024. A New Species of Green Pitviper of the Trimeresurus macrops complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) from South Central Coastal Region of Vietnam. Zootaxa. 5474(4); 375-411. DOI: doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5474.4.3
  9. ^ Zening CHEN, Shengchao SHI, Jun GAO, Gernot VOGEL, Zhaobin SONG, Li DING and Rong DAI. 2021. A New Species of Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Squamata: Viperidae) from Southwestern China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. Asian Herpetological Research. 11(4); 1-11. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.200084
  10. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina; Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Tanapong Tawan, Lawan Chanhome, Tan Van Nguyen, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2024. Another New Species of Karst-associated Pitviper (Serpentes, Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the Isthmus of Kra, Peninsular Thailand. European Journal of Taxonomy. 930(1), 20–52. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.930.2489
  11. ^ Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Tan Van Nguyen, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Lawan Chanhome, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel and Nikolay A. Poyarkov. 2024. An Integrative Taxonomic Revision of the Trimeresurus popeiorum group of Pitvipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) with Descriptions of Two New Species from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. Vertebrate Zoology. 74: 303-342. DOI: 10.3897/vz.74.e113347
  12. ^ Yashpal Singh Rathee, Jayaditya Purkayastha, Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga, Siddharth Dalal, Lal Biakzuala, Lal Muansanga and Zeeshan A. Mirza. 2022. A New Cryptic Species of Green Pit Viper of the Genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Serpentes, Viperidae) from northeast India. PLoS ONE. 17(5): e0268402. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268402
  13. ^ Laura Rodrigues Vieira de Alencar, Marcio Martins, Gustavo Burin and Tiago Bosisio Quental. 2017. Arboreality Constrains Morphological Evolution but Not Species Diversification in Vipers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284(1869) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1775
  14. ^ Gernot Vogel, Patrick David and Irvan Sidik. 2014. On Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822), with the Designation of A Neotype and the Description of A New Species of Pitviper from Sumatra (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(2) [General Issue]: 1–29 (e80).
  15. ^ Gernot Vogel, Tan Van Nguyen, Patrick David. 2023. A New Green Pitviper of the Trimeresurus albolabris complex (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from central and southern Myanmar. Zootaxa. 5357(4); 515-554. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.4.3
  16. ^ 郭鹏. 广义竹叶青蛇属的分类及系统发育研究(蛇亚目:蝮亚科)[D]. 四川大学. 2005 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.7666/d.y775610. (原始内容存档于2021-10-26). 
  17. ^ Malhotra A, Thorpe RS. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004, 32: 83–100. 
  18. ^ P David,G Vogel,A Dubois. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacepede, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa. 2011, 2992: 1–51 [2021-10-24]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2992.1.1. (原始内容存档于2021-10-24).