Z-DNA
此條目需要擴充。 (2010年10月29日) |
Z-DNA又稱Z型DNA,是DNA雙螺旋結構的一種形式,具有左旋型態的雙股螺旋(與常見的B-DNA相反),並呈現鋸齒形狀。Z-DNA為三種具生物活性的DNA雙螺旋結構之一,另兩種為A-DNA與B-DNA。
歷史
Z-DNA為首先於1979年被解出晶體結構的DNA型態,研究者為麻省理工大學的Alexander Rich等人[1]。B型及Z型相互結合時的結晶則解於2005年[2],使科學家了解Z-DNA在細胞中的潛在角色,當一段Z-DNA形成時,其兩端必為B-Z相互結合型態,形成與B-DNA的介面。
結構
Z-DNA的雙股螺旋為左旋型態,與B-DNA的右旋型態明顯有所差別。其結構每兩個鹼基對重複出現一次。大小螺旋凹槽之間的差別較A型及B型小,只在寬度上有些微差異。這種型態並不常見,但某些特定情況可增加其存在的可能,如嘌呤-嘧啶交替序列、DNA超螺旋,或鹽份與某些陽離子濃度高時。
Z-DNA能夠與B-DNA構成相互結合型態,這種結構會使一對鹼基突出於雙螺旋之外。
一些DNA形式幾何形狀的對比
幾何屬性 | A-DNA | B-DNA | Z-DNA |
---|---|---|---|
螺旋方向 | 右旋 | 右旋 | 左旋 |
重複單元 | 1 bp | 1 bp | 2 bp |
Rotation/bp | 32.7° | 35.9° | 60°/2 |
bp/turn | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Inclination of bp to axis | +19° | −1.2° | −9° |
Rise/bp along axis | 2.3 Å (0.23 nm) | 3.32 Å (0.332 nm) | 3.8 Å (0.38 nm) |
Pitch/turn of helix | 28.2 Å (2.82 nm) | 33.2 Å (3.32 nm) | 45.6 Å (4.56 nm) |
Mean propeller twist | +18° | +16° | 0° |
糖基角度 | anti | anti | C: anti, G: syn |
Sugar pucker | C3'-endo | C2'-endo | C: C2'-endo, G: C3'-endo |
直徑 | 23 Å (2.3 nm) | 20 Å (2.0 nm) | 18 Å (1.8 nm) |
來源:[3][4][5] |
參見
參考文獻
- ^ Wang AHJ, Quigley GJ, Kolpak FJ, Crawford JL, van Boom JH, Van der Marel G, Rich A. Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution. Nature (London). 1979, 282: 680–686. PMID 514347
- ^ Ha SC, Lowenhaupt K, Rich A, Kim YG, Kim KK. Crystal structure of a junction between B-DNA and Z-DNA reveals two extruded bases. Nature. 2005, 437: 1183–1186. PMID 16237447.
- ^ Sinden, Richard R. DNA structure and function 1st. Academic Press. 1994-01-15: 398. ISBN 0-126-45750-6.
- ^ Rich A, Norheim A, Wang AHJ. The chemistry and biology of left-handed Z-DNA. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 1984, 53 (1): 791–846. PMID 6383204. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.004043.
- ^ Ho PS. The non-B-DNA structure of d(CA/TG)n does not differ from that of Z-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994-09-27, 91 (20): 9549–9553. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.9549H. PMC 44850 . PMID 7937803. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.20.9549.
延伸閱讀
- Sinden RR (1994). DNA structure and function. Academic Press, 179-216. ISBN 978-0-12-645750-6
- Rich A, Zhang S (2003). Timeline: Z-DNA: the long road to biological function. Nat Rev Genet, 4:566–572.