胜利花园
胜利花园(英语:Victory gardens,war gardens,food gardens for defense)是战争期间在私人住宅院落和公园开辟的蔬菜种植地,一战和二战期间美国、英国、加拿大和德国都推行过该运动以减轻战时的食品供给压力。[1]二战期间各地的“胜利花园”提供了美国国内三分之一的蔬菜供给。[2]除了间接地支援战争外,胜利花园也是鼓舞平民士气的手段之一[3] ,它使参与者感受到其劳动为战时生活所作出的贡献,亦是战时后方生活的一部分。
战后
1946年,战争结束后,许多英国居民没有种植胜利花园,以期获得更多食物。然而,英国仍然存在短缺,并且至少在 1954 年之前对某些食品实施配给制。
伦敦萨顿萨顿花园郊区中心的土地在第二次世界大战期间首次被用作胜利花园;在此之前,它曾被用作带网球场的休闲场所。这片土地继续被当地居民用作分配地长达 50 多年,直到 1997 年被当时的土地所有者驱逐。[4]
马萨诸塞州波士顿后湾沼泽的芬威胜利花园和明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯的道林社区花园仍然活跃,是二战时期仅存的公共花园。芬威胜利花园的大部分地块现在都种植花卉而不是蔬菜,而道林社区花园则继续以蔬菜为主。[5]
参考资料
- ^ Victory gardens (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Australian War Memorial encyclopedia
- ^ Kallen, Stuart A. The war at home. San Diego: Lucent Books. 2000. ISBN 1-56006-531-1.
- ^ Caves, R. W. Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. 2004: 751. ISBN 978-0415862875.
- ^ Sutton Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2016-10-09.
- ^ Dowling Community Garden History. [2024-10-28]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-28).
延伸阅读
- Hayden-Smith, Rose. Sowing the Seeds of Victory: American Gardening Programs of World War I. McFarland Books. 2014: 264 [2014-05-26]. ISBN 978-0-7864-7020-4. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26).
- Hayden-Smith, Rose. Soldiers of the Soil: The Work of the United States School Garden Army in World War 1. University of California 4-H Youth Development Center. 2005 [12 May 2014]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-09).
- Kuhn, Clifford M., "‘It Was a Long Way from Perfect, but It Was Working’: The Canning and Home Production Initiatives in Green County, Georgia, 1940–1942," Agricultural History (2012) 86#1 pp 68–90.
外部链接
- Recipe for Victory: Food and Cooking in Wartime (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- PBS: The Victory Garden (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- A Visual History of Victory Gardens curated by Michigan State University
- Victory Gardens Handbook of the Victory Garden Committee War Services, Pennsylvania State Council of Defense (April 1944)
- Victory Garden complete film at archive.org
- History of Urban Gardening in the United States (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- GARDENS FOR VICTORY reference pubbed Mar. 1942, intro/first chapter (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Victory Garden Initiative - a grassroots organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin promoting revival of the victory garden movement as a means to address food system and environmental issues. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Oldest Remaining Victory Gardens in Boston (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Watch the 1943 propaganda film He Plants for Victory (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)