赫拉斯·克利福德·李文森
赫拉斯·克利福德·李文森 (Horace Clifford Levinson,1895年6月30日,芝加哥 – 1968, 肯尼邦镇, Maine)是一位美国数学家、天文学家、作业研究的先驱。他引入了量化分析方法,并且在广告与推销方面使用了复杂的数学模型。[1]
李文森的父亲是芝加哥地区著名的律师Salmon Oliver Levinson.[2] 1909年,少年李文森与他的朋友Frederick Charles Leonard (1896–1960)一起成立了实用天文观测学会(Society of Practical Astronomical),Frederick Charles Leonard担任主席,而李文森担任财务长。[3][4] 虽然学会在1917年解散,但它在美国变星观测者协会的历史上扮演重要的角色.[5] 在第一次世界大战期间,李文森在美军服役,军衔为中尉。[6]
1922年9月,李文森在芝加哥大学获得数理天文与纯数学领域的博士学位,学位论文为The gravitational field of masses relatively at rest according to Einstein's theory of gravitation.[7] 1924年受邀至多伦多的国际数学家大会演讲。[8]
1930年代,李文森使用科学分析方法处理了推销方面的问题。他为L. Bamberger and Company的研究工作包括研究客户的购买习惯、对广告的反应以及环境与所售商品类型之间的关系。在1920年代,李文森完成了对邮购公司的研究,研究加快发货对客户接受或拒绝货到付款的影响。 李文森成功地从大量数据的收集和分析中,预测了大众的普遍反应,使他后来得以为Bamberger公司进行销售有效性方面的研究,借由让百货公司于夜间营业以提高增加销售。
李文森曾经在俄亥俄州立大学担当数学教职,也曾担任美国国家学院的作业研究委员会主席。[9]
部分作品
- with E. B. Zeisler: The Law of Gravitation in Relativity. University of Chicago Press. 1931.[10]
- Notes on stellar photography. Popular Astronomy. 1934, 42: 121–131. Bibcode:1934PA.....42..121L.
- Experiences in commercial operations research. Journal of the Operations Research Society of America. 1953, 1 (4): 220–239. doi:10.1287/opre.1.4.220.
- Chance, luck, and statistics. Dover Publications. 2001.[11] reprint of Science of chance: from probability to statistics. New York: Rinehart. 1950.[12] first printed as Your chance to win: the laws of chance and probability. 1939.[13]
参考文献
- ^ Saaty, Thomas L. Mathematical methods of operations research. Dover Publications. 2004: 7.
- ^ The book of Chicagoans vol. 2. 1911: 4215.
- ^ Williams, Thomas R.; Saladyga, Michael. Advancing Variable Star Astronomy: The Centennial History of the American Association of Variable Star Observers. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 22.
- ^ Leonard, Frederick C.; Levinson, Harold C. (编). Monthly Register of the Society for Practical Astronomy. 1914. Editors list列表缺少
|last2=
(帮助) - ^ Williams, Thomas R.; Saladyga, Michael. Advancing Variable Star Astronomy: The Centennial History of the American Association of Variable Star Observers. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 24.
- ^ The American Jewish Year Book 5679, September 7, 1918 to September 24, 1919. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America. 1918: 202.
- ^ Notes. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1923, 29: 235–237. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1923-03715-4.
- ^ Levinson, H. C. In: Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto, August 11–16. 1924 vol. 2. : 243–252.
- ^ Levinson, Horace C. Operations research with special reference to non-military applications: a brochure. National Research Council. 1951.
- ^ Murnaghan, F. D. Review of The Law of Gravitation in Relativity by H. C. Levinson and E. B. Zeisler. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1933, 39: 334. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1933-05612-4.
- ^ Aschbacher, Charlie. Review of Chance, Luck, and Statistics by Horace C. Levinson. MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America. 17 December 2002 [2020-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-29).
- ^ May, Kenneth. Review of Science of chance by H. C. Levinson. Popular Astronomy. 1950, 58: 196. Bibcode:1950PA.....58..196M.
- ^ Campbell, Alan D. Review of Your Chance to Win. The Laws of Chance and Probability by H. C. Levinson. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1939, 45: 506. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1939-07023-7.