南非狐

南非狐
	正在捕食普通珠雞的南非狐，攝於納米比亞埃托沙國家公園
	幼仔
保護狀況
	; 無危（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
屬：	狐屬 Vulpes
種：	南非狐 V. chama
二名法
	Vulpes chama; (A Smith（英語：Andrew Smith (zoologist)）, 1833)
	南非狐的分布範圍
異名
	caama (C. E. H. Smith, 1839); hodsoni (Noack, 1910); variegatoides (Layard, 1861);

南非狐（學名：Vulpes chama）是原產於南部非洲的一種小型狐狸^[2]，也是漠南非洲唯一的狐屬物種，且為該屬演化樹上較基部的類群，因而可能保有較多祖徵^[3]。本種的體長（不含尾）約為45—62公分；尾長30—40公分；肩高30—35公分；體重2.5—4.5公斤；毛色為銀灰色、耳後為黃棕色、耳廓中有白色的毛^[4]；下腹與四肢顏色較軀幹更接近黃棕色^[5]^[6]；尾部毛色為銀色至淡黃棕色，基部則為黑色^[4]；無兩性異型^[7]。

南非狐分布於南部非洲的乾燥與半乾燥地區，以及南非西部的弗因博斯等較潮濕的地帶^[1]，分布範圍北至安哥拉西南部^[8]。本種為夜行性動物，在黃昏與拂曉時較為活躍，白天常在地洞中歇息，可挖掘自己的地洞或使用跳兔等其他動物挖掘的地洞^[3]。本種一般為獨居生活^[9]；食性為雜食性，以小型哺乳類、鳥類、昆蟲、腐肉與植株為食^[10]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en  .
^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (報告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002  .
^ Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694.
^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922  .
^ Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643  . PMID 1487435.
^ Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27.
^ Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582  .
^ Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006  .

[iucn_status_11_November_2021-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en  .

[msw3-2] Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.

[Red-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (報告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016.

[Lavoie-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002  .

[Sheldon-5] Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694.

[Clutton-Brock-6] Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922  .

[7] Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643  . PMID 1487435.

[8] Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27.

[Nel-9] Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582  .

[Klare-10] Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006  .

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