維基百科

A·C·本森

亞瑟·克里斯托弗·本森（1862年4月24日—1925年6月17日），英國散文家、詩人和學者[1]，劍橋大學抹大拉學院第二十八任校長。他為愛德華·埃爾加的《加冕頌》作詞，也為埃爾加的作品，英國愛國歌曲《希望與光榮的土地》作詞。

A. C. 本森
亞瑟·克里斯托弗·本森
個人資料
出生(1862-04-24)1862年4月24日
逝世1925年6月17日(1925歲—06—17)（63歲）
公民權英國
學歷坦普爾格羅夫學校
伊頓公學
母校劍橋大學國王學院

早期生活和家庭

亞瑟·克里斯托弗·本森1862年4月24日出生在伯克郡的惠靈頓學院，是愛德華·懷特·本森（英語：Edward White Benson）（1829-1896）六個孩子之一，他在1883年至1896年間擔任坎特伯雷大主教，在此之前是該學院的第一任校長。

本森的家庭成員中還有E. F. 本森（英語：E. F. Benson），他與他的代表作《馬普和露西亞》, 和R.H. 本森（英語：Robert Hugh Benson）一樣，他原是英國聖公會的牧師，後來改信羅馬天主教，他也是一名作家。他的妹妹瑪格麗特·本森是一位藝術家、作家和埃及學家。

不過本森家族的家族命運並沒有那麼一帆風順：一子一女早逝，而另一個女兒和亞瑟本人則可能患上了某種精神疾病，可能是躁鬱症[2]。這似乎是遺傳自他們的父母，並且其後他們的孩子沒有任何一人結婚[3]。

儘管本森本人患病，但亞瑟後來還是成為了一名學者和作家。從10歲到21歲期間，他一直生活在接近教堂的地方，首先是在林肯郡居住，他的父親是林肯大教堂的主教，然後是在特魯羅居住，他的父親是特魯羅的第一位主教。他對教堂的音樂和宗教儀式也頗感興趣。

1874年，他在東希恩的坦普爾格羅夫學校獲得了伊頓公學的獎學金，1881年升入劍橋大學國王學院，他在那裡成為了一名學者並獲得了獎學金（國王學院的封閉式獎金只有伊頓公學的學生才有資格獲得）並於1884年在古典三段式課程中獲得一等獎。[4]

生平

從1885年到1903年期間，本森在伊頓公學教書，在1904年回到劍橋，成為劍橋大學抹大拉學院的院士，講授英國文學。1912年，他成為該學院的碩士（院長的副手）。從1915年12月到1925年去世之前，他一直擔任劍橋大學抹大拉學院的院長。從1906年起，是格雷欣學校的校監。[5]

 
"Fasti Etonenses", Benson caricatured by Spy for Vanity Fair, 1903.

本森推動了抹大拉學院的現代化[4]，他很大程度上影響了這座學院。在這座學院裡至少有20個銘文是關於他的。[6]在1930年的時候，一個新的本森法院以他的名字來命名。[7]

本森和伊舍勳爵一起在1907年的時候編寫了關於收集維多利亞女王的信，任務是將460卷維多利亞女王的書信編輯成書[8][9] 他的詩歌和散文集如 From a College Window 和 The Upton Letters (以書信形式寫的散文) 在當時很有名。他還留下了有史以來最長的日記之一，約四百萬字的日記。他對但丁·加百列·羅塞蒂、愛德華·菲茨傑拉德、華特·荷瑞修·佩特和約翰·拉斯金的文學評論是他最好的作品之一。

本森作了《加冕頌》的歌詞，這是一首由愛德華·埃爾加為1902年英國國王愛德華七世和王后亞歷山德拉的加冕儀式的配樂。而它的結尾就是英國最著名的愛國歌曲之一 "希望與光榮的土地"。

如同他的兄弟愛德華·弗雷德里克以及羅伯特·休一樣，本森本人也是個著名的鬼故事作家。他寫的兩大卷的鬼故事作品如：The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories (1903) 和The Isles of Sunset (1904) ，這些是為他的學生所寫的道德寓言。亞瑟·本森死後，弗雷德·本森發現了一本亞瑟·本森未發表的鬼故事小說集，並將其中兩篇收入了 Basil Netherby (1927)。[10] 但是其他未被發現的故事可就無從得知了。Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories (1911, reprinted 1977) 收集了一些來自於 The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories 和The Isles of Sunset的內容。[11] 還有九個本森的鬼故事被收錄於大衛·斯圖爾特的The Temple of Death: The Ghost Stories of A. C. & R. H. Benson (Wordsworth, 2007)，以及他的兄弟R. H. Benson的七篇故事，和A. C. Benson的九篇故事以及Robert的十篇故事則被收錄於 Ghosts in the House (Ash-Tree, 1996) – 有趣的是，上面提到的那些各個收錄的合集之中的內容相似卻不完全相同。

死亡

 
Benson Court, Magdalene College, Cambridge

亞瑟·克里斯托弗·本森最後死於抹大拉學院的碩士門房，去世後被埋葬在劍橋的聖吉爾斯公墓。

作品

  • Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters, with H. F. W. Tatham, 1892[12]
  • Le Cahier Jaune: Poems, 1892[13]
  • Poems, 1893
  • Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge, 1894[14]
  • Lyrics, 1895[15]
  • Lord Vyet & Other Poems, 1898
  • Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone, 1898[16]
  • Thomas Gray, 1895[17]
  • Essays, 1896.[18]
  • Fasti Etonenses: A Biographical History of Eton, 1899[19]
  • The Professor: and Other Poems, 1900[20]
  • The Schoolmaster, 1902[21]
  • The Upton Letters, 1905[22]
  • Monnow: An Ode, 1906
  • The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories, 1903[23]
  • The Isles of Sunset, 1904[24]
  • Peace: and Other Poems, 1905[25]
  • The Gate of Death: A Diary, 1906[26]
  • From a College Window, 1906[22]
  • Rossetti, 1906[27]
  • Walter Pater, 1906[28]
  • The Thread of Gold, 1907[29]
  • Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton, 1907[22]
  • The House of Quiet: An Autobiography, 1907[30]
  • The Altar Fire, 1907[22]
  • The Letters of One, a Study in Limitations, 1907
  • Beside Still Waters, 1908[31]
  • At Large, 1908[22]
  • Tennyson, 1908[32]
  • Until the Evening, 1909[33]
  • The Poems of A. C. Benson, 1909[34]
  • The Child of the Dawn, 1911[35]
  • Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories, 1911[22]
  • The Leaves of the Tree: Studies in Biography, 1911[36]
  • Ruskin: A Study in Personality, 1911[37]
  • The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1907[38][39][40]
  • Thy Rod and Thy Staff, 1912[41]
  • The Beauty of Life: Being Selections from the Writings of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1912[42]
  • Joyous Gard, 1913[43]
  • The Silent Isle, 1913[44]
  • Along the Road, 1913[45]
  • Where No Fear Was: A Book About Fear, 1914[22]
  • The Orchard Pavilion, 1914[46]
  • Escape and Other Essays, 1916[47]
  • Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters, 1916[48]
  • Father Payne, 1917[49]
  • Life and Letters of Maggie Benson, 1920[50]
  • Watersprings, 1920[51]
  • Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother, 1920[52]
  • The Reed of Pan; English Renderings of Greek Epigrams and Lyrics, 1922[53]
  • Magdalene College, Cambridge: A Little View of Its Buildings and History, 1923[54]
  • Selected Poems, 1924
  • Chris Gascoyne; An Experiment in Solitude, from the Diaries of John Trevor, 1924
  • Everybody's Book of the Queen's Dolls' House, 1924
  • Memories and Friends, 1924
  • Edward Fitzgerald, 1925[55]
  • The House of Menerdue, 1925[56]
  • Rambles and Reflections, 1926[57]
  • Basil Netherby, 1926
  • The Diary of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1926

文學評論

  • "The Poetry of Mr. A. C. Benson", Sewanee Review, Volume 14 (Sewanee: University of the South, 1906), 110–111, 405–421.[58]
  • "Poets All", The Speaker, Volume 15, 13 February 1897 (London), 196[59]
  • "Mr. Benson's Poems", The Literary World, Volume 48, 3 November 1893 (London: James Clarke & Co.), 329[60]
  • "Selected Poetry of Arthur Christopher Benson" (1862–1925)[3]
  • "A Literary Causerie" in The Speaker, Volume 15, 13 March 1897 (London), 299[59]

參考

引用文獻

  1. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Who's Who. 1907, 59: 136 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-27）. 
  2. ^ Ridley, Jane. The gay Lambeth way" (review of Rodney Bolt, As Good as God, as Clever as the Devil: The Impossible Life of Mary Benson). The Spectator. 9 July 2011 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-02）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Selected Poetry of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1862–1925. Representative Poetry Online. University of Toronto. [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Benson, Arthur Christopher (BN881AC). A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. 
  5. ^ The Times newspaper, 22 October 1906, p. 6, col. C.
  6. ^ Twentieth Century. Magdalene College. [14 September 2014]. （原始內容存檔於1 March 2004）. 
  7. ^ The colleges and halls - Magdalene （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） - British History Online. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  8. ^ Ward, Yvonne M. Censoring Queen Victoria: how two gentlemen edited a queen and created an icon. Oneworld. 2014. ISBN 9781780743639. 
  9. ^ Review of The Letters of Queen Victoria edited by A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher, 3 vols.. The Athenaeum. October 26, 1907, (4174): 509–510 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-25）. 
  10. ^ Mike Ashley, "The Essential Writers: Blood Brothers" (Profile of E. F., A. C. and R. H. Benson). Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, pp. 63–70, May/June 1984.
  11. ^ Jack Sullivan, ed., The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. NY: Viking Penguin, 1986, p. 30.
  12. ^ Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters. Arnold. 1899 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-25） –透過Google Books. 
  13. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Le Cahier Jaune: Poems. G. New. 1892 –透過Internet Archive. 
  14. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge. New. 1894 –透過Internet Archive. Genealogy of the family of Benson 
  15. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Lyrics. John Lane. 1895 –透過Internet Archive. 
  16. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone. R. Ingalton Drake. 1898 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-25） –透過Google Books. 
  17. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Thomas Gray. Eton. 1895. hdl:2027/hvd.hwilqf. 
  18. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Essays. New York. 1896. hdl:2027/hvd.32044086675808. 
  19. ^ Review of Fasti Etonenses by A. C. Benson & A History of Eton College by Lionel Cust. The Athenæum. 6 January 1900, (3767): 8–9 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-11）. 
  20. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Professor: And Other Poems. John Lane. 1900 –透過Internet Archive. 
  21. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Schoolmaster: A Commentary Upon the Aims and Methods of an Assistant-master in a Public School. Putnam. 1908 –透過Internet Archive. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Project Gutenberg. [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-26）. 
  23. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories. London. 1903. hdl:2027/inu.39000002156706. 
  24. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Isles of Sunset. Ibister. 1905 –透過Internet Archive. 
  25. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Peace: And Other Poems. J. Lane. 1905 –透過Internet Archive. 
  26. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Gate of Death: A Diary. G. P. Putnam's sons. 1906 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-25） –透過Google Books. 
  27. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Rossetti. English men of letters. S. Chand & Co. 1906. hdl:2027/njp.32101066385236. 
  28. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Walter Pater. Macmillan. 1906 –透過Internet Archive. A. C. Benson Walter Pater 
  29. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Thread of Gold. Murray. 1907 –透過Internet Archive. 
  30. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The House of Quiet: An Autobiography. E. P. Dutton. 1907 –透過Internet Archive. The House of Quiet: an Autobiography 
  31. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Beside Still Waters. G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1908 –透過Internet Archive. 
  32. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Alfred Tennyson. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. 1907. hdl:2027/uc1.b3742961. 
  33. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Until the Evening. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 1909. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7fq9th3h. 
  34. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Poems of A. C. Benson.... J. Lane. 1909 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-26） –透過Google Books. 
  35. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Child of the Dawn. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1912 –透過Internet Archive. 
  36. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Leaves of the Tree; Studies in Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1911. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5k93398t. 
  37. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Ruskin: A Study in Personality. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1911. hdl:2027/uiug.30112074811271. 
  38. ^ Victoria. The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. I 1837–1843. London: John Murray. 1907. hdl:2027/umn.31951002171032u. 
  39. ^ Victoria. The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. II 1844–1853. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 1907. hdl:2027/hvd.hx3v5u. 
  40. ^ Victoria. The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. III 1854–1861. London: John Murray. 1907. hdl:2027/osu.32435028626158. 
  41. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Thy Rod and Thy Staff. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1912. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6154n414. 
  42. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Beauty of Life: being selections from the writings of Arthur Christopher Benson. London, New York, Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton. 1912. hdl:2027/inu.39000002953664. 
  43. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Joyous Gard. New York and London: G.P. Putnam's. 1913. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682860. 
  44. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Silent Isle. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1910. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682863. 
  45. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Along the Road. London: James Nisbet & Co. 1913. hdl:2027/pst.000006729585. 
  46. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Orchard Pavilion. New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1914. hdl:2027/inu.30000118996788. 
  47. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Escape, and Other Essays. New York: The Century Co. 1915. hdl:2027/hvd.32044090316472. 
  48. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters. London: John Murray. 1916. hdl:2027/uc1.b4078800. 
  49. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Father Payne. Putnam. 1917 –透過Internet Archive. Father Payne 
  50. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Life and Letters of Maggie Benson. J. Murray. 1917 –透過Internet Archive. Life and Letters of Maggie Benson 
  51. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Watersprings. Smith, Elder. 1913 –透過Internet Archive. Watersprings 
  52. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother. Longmans, Green. 1915 –透過Internet Archive. Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother 
  53. ^ Benson, A. C. The Reed of Pan; English renderings of Greek epigrams and lyrics. 1922. 
  54. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Magdalene College, Cambridge; A little view of its buildings and history. Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes. 1923. hdl:2027/uc1.$b279316. 
  55. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Edward Fitzgerald. Macmillan. 1905 –透過Internet Archive. Edward Fitzgerald 
  56. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. The House of Menerdue. London: William Heinemann. 1925. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682947. 
  57. ^ Benson, Arthur Christopher. Rambles and Reflections. London: John Murray. 1926. hdl:2027/uc1.$b682862. 
  58. ^ The Sewanee Review. University of the South. 1906 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-26） –透過Google Books. 
  59. ^ 59.0 59.1 The Speaker. 1897 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-25） –透過Google Books. 
  60. ^ The Literary World. 1893 [2021-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-26） –透過Google Books. 

來源

  • Edward Hewish Ryle (1925), Arthur Christopher Benson as Seen by Some Friends, London: G. Bell and Sons
  • Tuck, Donald H. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Chicago, IL: Advent. 1974: 39. ISBN 0-911682-20-1. 
  • Keith Wilson (1990), "A. C. Benson," Robert Beum, ed., Dictionary of Literary Biography: British Essayists, 1880–1960. Detroit: Gale, 192–204.

外部連結

 
維基語錄上的A·C·本森語錄
 
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：A·C·本森
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