維基百科

BCR基因

智人發現的哺乳動物蛋白

BCR基因（英語：BCR gene），或稱斷裂點簇集區（英語：breakpoint cluster region），是bcr-abl融合基因的組成部分之一，其與費城染色體的形成機制有關。

Bcr-Abl腫瘤蛋白齊聚反應結構域
Bcr-Abl腫瘤蛋白齊聚反應結構域機制
鑑定
標誌Bcr-Abl_Oligo
PfamPF09036（舊版）
InterPro（英語：InterPro）IPR015123
Breakpoint cluster region
PDB rendering based on 1k1f.
有效結構
PDB 直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
標識
代號 BCR; ALL; BCR1; CML; D22S11; D22S662; PHL
擴展標識 遺傳學：151410 鼠基因：88141 同源基因：3192 ChEMBL: 5146 GeneCards: BCR Gene
EC編號 2.7.11.1
直系同源體
物種 人類 小鼠
Entrez 613 110279
Ensembl ENSG00000186716 ENSMUSG00000009681
UniProt P11274 Q6PAJ1
mRNA序列 NM_004327 NM_001081412
蛋白序列 NP_004318 NP_001074881
基因位置 Chr 22:
23.52 – 23.66 Mb		 Chr 10:
75.06 – 75.18 Mb
PubMed查詢 [1] [2]

病理學

一個22號染色體與9號染色體的相互易位作用而產生的費城染色體，它通常在慢性粒細胞性白血病患者體內發現。22號染色體的斷裂點就在BCR基因中。這個易位作用產生了一種基於BCR基因和ABL基因進行編碼而成的融合蛋白，其基因就位於9號染色體的斷裂點上。儘管bcr-abl融合基因已經被廣泛研究，但普通的BCR基因機制仍然不明。其蛋白產生一些絲氨酸或蘇氨酸蛋白激酶活動，並是一類p21rac酶活化蛋白。[1]

Bcr-Abl腫瘤蛋白齊聚反應域（Bcr-Abl oncoprotein oligomerisation domain）位於BCR的氨基端（N-terminus），其為BCR-ABL融合蛋白的齊聚反應必不可少的基因之一。Bcr-Abl腫瘤蛋白齊聚反應域包含一個短狀氨基端α螺旋（alpha-1），一個靈活的轉角（Turn）和一個長狀的C型α螺旋（alpha-2）。其螺旋體轉角使得兩個α螺旋能夠保持平行定向。這一單體分子的蛋白質結構域，通過一個反平行的捲軸螺旋（coiled coil）形成為一個蛋白質二聚體（protein dimer）。其中兩個α螺旋彼此之間發生了結構域對換，其中一個α-1螺旋氨基端進行交換，並擠壓另個單體上的α-2螺旋（alpha-2）。兩個蛋白質二聚體隨後形成一個四聚體（tetramer）[2]。

相互機制

現今已經發現BCR基因與以下基因發生蛋白-蛋白交互作用（Protein-protein interaction）：PTPN6（英語：PTPN6）[3]、XPB（英語：XPB）[4]、貓肉瘤癌基因[5][6]、GRB10（英語：GRB10）[7]、CD117（英語：CD117）[8]、Grb2（英語：Grb2）[6][7][9][10][11][12]、MLLT4（英語：MLLT4）[13]、Abl基因（英語：ABL (gene)）[11][14][15]、HCK（英語：HCK）[16][17]、SOS1（英語：SOS1）[6][11]、PIK3CG（英語：PIK3CG）[7][18][19]、CRKL（英語：CRKL）[7][10][20][21]和樁蛋白[18][22]。

參考

  1. ^ Entrez Gene: BCR breakpoint cluster region. 
  2. ^ Zhao X, Ghaffari S, Lodish H, Malashkevich VN, Kim PS. Structure of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein oligomerization domain. Nat. Struct. Biol. February 2002, 9 (2): 117–20. PMID 11780146. doi:10.1038/nsb747. 
  3. ^ Liedtke, M; Pandey P, Kumar S, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. Regulation of Bcr-Abl-induced SAP kinase activity and transformation by the SHPTP1 protein tyrosine phosphatase. Oncogene (ENGLAND). Oct 1998, 17 (15): 1889–92. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9788431. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202117. 
  4. ^ Takeda, N; Shibuya M, Maru Y. The BCR-ABL oncoprotein potentially interacts with the xeroderma pigmentosum group B protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES). Jan 1999, 96 (1): 203–7. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 15117  . PMID 9874796. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.203. 
  5. ^ Lionberger, J M; Smithgall T E. The c-Fes protein-tyrosine kinase suppresses cytokine-independent outgrowth of myeloid leukemia cells induced by Bcr-Abl. Cancer Res. (UNITED STATES). Feb 2000, 60 (4): 1097–103. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 10706130. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Maru, Y; Peters K L, Afar D E, Shibuya M, Witte O N, Smithgall T E. Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FPS/FES protein-tyrosine kinases induces association of BCR with GRB-2/SOS. Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES). Feb 1995, 15 (2): 835–42. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 231961  . PMID 7529874. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Bai, R Y; Jahn T, Schrem S, Munzert G, Weidner K M, Wang J Y, Duyster J. The SH2-containing adapter protein GRB10 interacts with BCR-ABL. Oncogene (ENGLAND). Aug 1998, 17 (8): 941–8. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9747873. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202024. 
  8. ^ Hallek, M; Danhauser-Riedl S, Herbst R, Warmuth M, Winkler A, Kolb H J, Druker B, Griffin J D, Emmerich B, Ullrich A. Interaction of the receptor tyrosine kinase p145c-kit with the p210bcr/abl kinase in myeloid cells. Br. J. Haematol. (ENGLAND). Jul 1996, 94 (1): 5–16. ISSN 0007-1048. PMID 8757502. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.6102053.x. 
  9. ^ Million, R P; Van Etten R A. The Grb2 binding site is required for the induction of chronic myeloid leukemia-like disease in mice by the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase. Blood (UNITED STATES). Jul 2000, 96 (2): 664–70. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 10887132. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Million, Ryan P; Harakawa Nari, Roumiantsev Sergei, Varticovski Lyuba, Van Etten Richard A. A direct binding site for Grb2 contributes to transformation and leukemogenesis by the Tel-Abl (ETV6-Abl) tyrosine kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). Jun 2004, 24 (11): 4685–95. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 416425  . PMID 15143164. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.11.4685-4695.2004. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Puil, L; Liu J, Gish G, Mbamalu G, Bowtell D, Pelicci P G, Arlinghaus R, Pawson T. Bcr-Abl oncoproteins bind directly to activators of the Ras signalling pathway. EMBO J. (ENGLAND). Feb 1994, 13 (4): 764–73. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 394874  . PMID 8112292. 
  12. ^ Ma, G; Lu D, Wu Y, Liu J, Arlinghaus R B. Bcr phosphorylated on tyrosine 177 binds Grb2. Oncogene (ENGLAND). May 1997, 14 (19): 2367–72. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9178913. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201053. 
  13. ^ Radziwill, G; Erdmann R A, Margelisch U, Moelling K. The Bcr kinase downregulates Ras signaling by phosphorylating AF-6 and binding to its PDZ domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States). Jul 2003, 23 (13): 4663–72. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 164848  . PMID 12808105. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.13.4663-4672.2003. 
  14. ^ Ling, Xiaoyang; Ma Guozhen, Sun Tong, Liu Jiaxin, Arlinghaus Ralph B. Bcr and Abl interaction: oncogenic activation of c-Abl by sequestering Bcr. Cancer Res. (United States). Jan 2003, 63 (2): 298–303. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 12543778. 
  15. ^ Pendergast, A M; Muller A J, Havlik M H, Maru Y, Witte O N. BCR sequences essential for transformation by the BCR-ABL oncogene bind to the ABL SH2 regulatory domain in a non-phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. Cell (UNITED STATES). Jul 1991, 66 (1): 161–71. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 1712671. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90148-R. 
  16. ^ Stanglmaier, M; Warmuth M, Kleinlein I, Reis S, Hallek M. The interaction of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase with the Src kinase Hck is mediated by multiple binding domains. Leukemia (England). Feb 2003, 17 (2): 283–9. ISSN 0887-6924. PMID 12592324. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402778. 
  17. ^ Lionberger, J M; Wilson M B, Smithgall T E. Transformation of myeloid leukemia cells to cytokine independence by Bcr-Abl is suppressed by kinase-defective Hck. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). Jun 2000, 275 (24): 18581–5. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10849448. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000126200. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Salgia, R; Sattler M, Pisick E, Li J L, Griffin J D. p210BCR/ABL induces formation of complexes containing focal adhesion proteins and the protooncogene product p120c-Cbl. Exp. Hematol. (UNITED STATES). Feb 1996, 24 (2): 310–3. ISSN 0301-472X. PMID 8641358. 
  19. ^ Skorski, T; Kanakaraj P, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Ratajczak M Z, Wen S C, Zon G, Gewirtz A M, Perussia B, Calabretta B. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity is regulated by BCR/ABL and is required for the growth of Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells. Blood (UNITED STATES). Jul 1995, 86 (2): 726–36. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 7606002. 
  20. ^ Heaney, C; Kolibaba K, Bhat A, Oda T, Ohno S, Fanning S, Druker B J. Direct binding of CRKL to BCR-ABL is not required for BCR-ABL transformation. Blood (UNITED STATES). Jan 1997, 89 (1): 297–306. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 8978305. 
  21. ^ Kolibaba, K S; Bhat A, Heaney C, Oda T, Druker B J. CRKL binding to BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL transformation. Leuk. Lymphoma (SWITZERLAND). Mar 1999, 33 (1-2): 119–26. ISSN 1042-8194. PMID 10194128. doi:10.3109/10428199909093732. 
  22. ^ Salgia, R; Li J L, Lo S H, Brunkhorst B, Kansas G S, Sobhany E S, Sun Y, Pisick E, Hallek M, Ernst T. Molecular cloning of human paxillin, a focal adhesion protein phosphorylated by P210BCR/ABL. J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES). Mar 1995, 270 (10): 5039–47. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7534286. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.10.5039. 

外部連結

延伸閱讀

  • Wang L, Seale J, Woodcock BE, Clark RE. e19a2-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia with BCR exon e16-deleted transcripts.. Leukemia. 2002, 16 (8): 1562–3. PMID 12145699. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402600. 
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