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解放了的普罗米修斯

《解放了的普罗米修斯》（英语：Prometheus Unbound）是珀西·雪莱创作的一部四幕诗剧，1820年首版[1]。它本质上是一部书斋剧，并不是为了在剧院上演而创作的[2]。

主人公即希腊神话中因盗天火而遭到宙斯惩罚的普罗米修斯，其灵感来自埃斯库罗斯创作的同名三部剧。和原作一样，普罗米修斯最终都得以脱困，但雪莱的作品中，普罗米修斯并没有和惩罚他的神和解，神的堕落才是他脱困的原因。

创作过程

 
约瑟夫·塞文在1845年绘制的《雪莱写作解放了的普罗米修斯》（Posthumous Portrait of Shelley Writing Prometheus Unbound）

玛丽·雪莱在1818年9月5日的一份信首次提到珀西·雪莱在创作这部作品[3]，而雪莱则在同年10月8日于写给托马斯·拉夫·皮科克的一份信中首次提到了这部作品，说他已经完成了其第一幕的创作。[4]

但是由于雪莱的女儿克拉拉（Clara Everina Shelley）在1818年9月24日去世，雪莱前往意大利散心，期间《解放了的普罗米修斯》可能并没有什么太大的进展[5]。它的完成时间大概是1819年4月，在4月6日写给皮科克的信中，雪莱说：“我的解放了的普罗米修斯刚刚完成，我会在一到两个月内寄过去”[6]。但由于他的儿子威廉·雪莱在1819年6月7日去世，作品的发表日期再次推迟。[5]

1819年9月6日，雪莱写信给查尔斯和詹姆斯·奥利尔说他将把作品寄给他们出版[7]。雪莱托约翰·吉斯伯恩（John Gisborne）将他的作品带回英格兰，但是由于吉斯伯恩行程延误，直到1819年12月出版方才收到《解放了的普罗米修斯》的前三幕[8]。第四幕在此时尚未完成。1819年12月23日，雪莱给吉斯伯恩的信中才说他又写成了额外的一幕。[9]

作品最终在1820年出版，雪莱夫妇则在当年11月收到了出版的《解放了的普罗米修斯》。[10]

参考文献

  1. ^ Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Prometheus Unbound, A Lyrical Drama in Four Acts with Other Poems 1. London: C and J Ollier. 1820 [21 May 2015]. 
  2. ^ Mulhallen, Jacqueline. "The Theatre of Shelley". Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2010, pp. 147–76.
  3. ^ Zillman 1959 p. 3
  4. ^ Shelley 1930 IX . 336
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Zillman 1959 p. 4
  6. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 48. "My Prometheus Unbound is just finished, and in a month or two I shall send it"
  7. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 79
  8. ^ Zillman p. 5
  9. ^ Shelley 1930 X p. 136
  10. ^ Zillman pp. 6–7
  • Abrams, M. H. Natural Supernaturalism. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1973.
  • Bloom, Harold. Shelley's Mythmaking. New Haven, 1959.
  • Bodkin, Maud. Archetypal Patterns in Poetry. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
  • Brisman, Susan Hawk. "'Unsaying His High Language': The Problem of Voice in 'Prometheus Unbound'." Studies in Romanticism, Vol. 16, No. 1, Romanticism and Language (Winter, 1977), pp. 51–86.
  • De Luca, V. A. "The Style of Millennial Announcement in Prometheus Unbound." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 28, (1979), pp. 78–101.
  • Grabo, Carl. A Newton Among Poets: Shelley's Use of Science in Prometheus Unbound. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1930.
  • Grabo, Carl Henry. Prometheus Unbound: An Interpretation. New York: Gordian Press, 1968.
  • Hughes, D. J. "Potentiality in 'Prometheus Unbound'." Studies in Romanticism, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter, 1963), pp. 107–126.
  • Isomaki, Richard. "Love as Cause in Prometheus Unbound." SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, Vol. 29, No. 4, Nineteenth Century (Autumn, 1989), pp. 655–673.
  • Knight, G. Wilson. The Starlit Dome. Oxford, 1941.
  • Locock, Charles D. The Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley. London: Methuen and Company, 1911.
  • Pierce, John B. "'Mont Blanc' and 'Prometheus Unbound': Shelley's Use of the Rhetoric of Silence." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 38, (1989), pp. 103–126.
  • Rajan, Tilottama. "Deconstruction or Reconstruction: Reading Shelley's Prometheus Unbound." Studies in Romanticism, Vol. 23, No. 3, Percy Bysshe Shelley (Fall, 1984), pp. 317–338.
  • Ross, Marlon B. "Shelley's Wayward Dream-Poem: The Apprehending Reader in Prometheus Unbound." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 36, (1987), pp. 110–133.
  • Rossetti, William Michael, ed. The Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Revised, with notes, and a memoir. London: E. Moxon, Son, & Company, 1870.
  • Shelley, Percy. Prometheus Unbound. London: C and J Ollier, 1820.
  • Shelley, Percy. Complete Works (Julian Edition). Edited by Roger Ingpen and Walter Peck. London: Benn, 1930.
  • Smith, Wiltrude L. "An Overlooked Source for Prometheus Unbound." Studies in Philology, XLVIII (1951), 783–792.
  • Solve, Melvin Theodor. Shelley: His Theory of Poetry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927. (Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, 1976).
  • Sperry, Stuart M. "Necessity and the Role of the Hero in Shelley's Prometheus Unbound." PMLA, Vol. 96, No. 2 (March 1981), pp. 242–254.
  • Twitchell, James B. "Shelley's Metapsychological System in Act IV of 'Prometheus Unbound'." Keats-Shelley Journal, Vol. 24, (1975), pp. 29–48.
  • Wasserman, Earl. Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound". Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965
  • Waldoff, Leon. (1975). "The Father-Son Conflict in Prometheus Unbound: The Psychology of a Vision." Psychoanalytical Review, 62:79–96.
  • Zillman, Lawrence. Shelley's Prometheus Unbound. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1959.

外部连接

 
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