颚针蚁属
蚁科的一属昆虫
颚针蚁属 (Anochetus ) 主要栖息于热带及亚热带地区，少数几种栖息于温带地区，具有触发式大颚 (trap-jaw) ，肉食性[1][2]。姊妹群为锯针蚁属[3][4]，锯针蚁属和颚针蚁属是锯针蚁族下唯二的成员，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持锯针蚁属是由颚针蚁属演化而来的假说[5]。
颚针蚁属 化石时期：
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Anochetus faurei worker | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蚁科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 针蚁亚科 Ponerinae |
| 族： | 锯针蚁族 Odontomachini |
| 属： | 颚针蚁属 Anochetus |
| 模式种 | |
| Odontomachus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
| |
| 多样性 | |
| 123 种 | |
| 异名 | |
物种描述
具有细长并向前延伸的大颚，能够打开至接近 180° ，能够以极快的速度闭合大颚。体型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。体色通常较为黯淡，棕色、黑色、红色、黄色，有些物种双色。
与易混淆物种的辨别方式
与锯针蚁属
锯针蚁属的腹柄节顶端具有一齿，而颚针蚁属的具有两齿或呈圆滑状[6]；锯针蚁属的头部后方具有缝线，呈现倒 V 字形，有时候会稍微内凹，颚针蚁属则呈现倒 U 字形[6]。
与瘤颚家蚁
在野外小型的颚针蚁常和瘤颚家蚁搞混，但瘤颚家蚁有两节腹柄节，而颚针蚁只有一节。
地区性物种分布
中国和台湾地区共有8种[7]：
- A. graeffei Mayr, 1870
- A. lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- A. longus Chen et al. 2019
- A. madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- A. mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- A. medogensis Chen et al. 2019
- A. risii Forel, 1900,
- A. subcoecus Forel, 1912
物种列表
颚针蚁属现生115种，已灭绝8种[8]。化石皆产于多米尼加琥珀[9][10][11]。
- Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
- Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
- Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
- †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
- Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
- Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
- Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991[13]
- Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
- Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
- Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
- Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
- †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
- †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980[14]
- Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus daedalus
- Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
- †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
- Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
- †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
- Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
- Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
- Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
- Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
- Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
- Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
- Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
- Anochetus inermis André, 1889
- †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
- Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
- Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
- Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
- Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
- Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
- †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
- Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
- Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
- Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
- Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
- Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
- Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
- Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
- Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
- Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
- Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
- Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
- Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
- Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
- Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
- Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
- Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
- Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus pellucidus [no authors], 1902
- Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
- Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
- Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
- Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
- Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
- Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
- Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
- Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
- Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
- Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
- Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
- Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
- Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
- Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
- Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
- Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
- Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989
- Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
- Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
- Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
- Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
- Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
- Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
- Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
- Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
- Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993
参考资料
- ^ Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior. Zootaxa. 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1.
- ^ Brown Jr WL. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica. 1978, 20: 549–638.
- ^ Ouellette GD, Fisher BL and Girman D. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 359-369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017.
- ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
- ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Brown Jr. Willian L. Contribution toward a Reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, Subtribal Characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica. 1976, 19: 66-171.
- ^ Chen Z, Yang Z and Zhou S. Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 2019, 68: 49-74 [2020-06-06]. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.30784. （原始内容存档于2021-05-07）.
- ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）.
- ^ Baroni Urbani C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1-6.
- ^ De Andrade ML. Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti).. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1-28.
- ^ MacKay WP. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138-140.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 De Andrade, M. L. Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1–28.
- ^ MacKay, W. P. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138–140.
- ^ Baroni Urbani, C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1–6.
