梭法螺屬
梭法螺屬（學名：Cymatium），又名象法螺屬[2]或嵌線螺屬[3]，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元[1]。
梭法螺屬 化石時期：
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| 一隻在印尼阿洛島附近出現的梭法螺屬物種 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
| 科： | 嵌線螺科 Cymatiidae |
| 屬： | 梭法螺屬 Cymatium Röding, 1798 |
| 模式種 | |
| Murex femorale Linnaeus, 1758
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| 異名[1] | |
本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。
化石紀錄
形態描述
這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴[5]。 孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。
分類
亞屬
目前本屬有至少十個亞屬[6]，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：
- Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
- 毛螺亞屬 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
- Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
- Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
- Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
- Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：Cymatium pfeifferianum
- Linatella Gray, 1868, 模式種為：Cymatium cutaceum
- 象鼻法螺 Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式種為：Cymatium perryi
- 籬螺亞屬 Septa Perry, 1810：模式種為Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
- Turritriton Dall, 1904, 模式種為：Cymatium gibbosum
物種
根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種[1]：
- 深溝象法螺 Cymatium caudatum (Gmelin, 1791)，為Ranularia caudata (Gmelin, 1791)的異名
- 多彩法螺 Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)，為Monoplex comptus (A.Adams, 1855)的異名
- Cymatium costatum Pennant, 1777
- Cymatium danianum Garvie, 2021
- 丹氏象法螺 Cymatium dunkeri Lischke, 1868，為Ranularia dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)的異名
- 鳥頭象法螺 Cymatium encausticum (Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia encaustica (Reeve, 1844)的異名
- Cymatium femorale (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 寶石法螺 Cymatium gemmatum (Reeve, 1844)
- 厚唇法螺 Cymatium labiosum (Wood, 1828)，為Turritriton labiosus (W.Wood, 1828)的異名
- Cymatium oxygium Woodring, 1959
- Cymatium pharicidum Dall, 1889
- 毛法螺 Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)，為Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)的異名
- Cymatium praefemorale (Maury, 1917)
- Cymatium raderi D'Attilio & B.W.Myers, 1984
- Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)
- Cymatium remotum Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1995
- 中華象法螺 Cymatium sinense (Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)的異名
- 玉口象法螺 Cymatium springsteeni Beu, 1987，為Ranularia springsteeni (Beu, 1987)的異名
- 瘦毛法螺 Cymatium tenuiliratum Lischke, 1873，為Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)的異名
- 褐唇象法螺 Cymatium testudinarium A. Adams & Reeve, 1850，為Ranularia testudinaria (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850)的異名
- 印度洋法螺 Cymatium thersites (Reeve, 1844)，為Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844)的異名
- Cymatium tigrinum (Broderip, 1833)
異名物種
- Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
- Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
- Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
- Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
- Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- 秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
- Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
- Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
- Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
- Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
- 象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
- Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
- Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
- Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
- Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
- Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
- Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
- Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
- Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
- 菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
- 梨形嵌線螺[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
- Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
- Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)
Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
- Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)
Other species include:
- Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
- Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
- Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)
圖庫
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Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy -
Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].
- ^ Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-06） （中文（繁體））.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 蔡英亞. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（簡體））.
- ^ Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.
- ^ 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺 居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-14） （中文（繁體））.
- ^ ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-16）.
