伊万 (建筑)

伊万（波斯語：ایوان‎，拉丁转写：eyvān；阿拉伯语：إيوان‎；Iwan、ivan；土耳其语：eyvan）是波斯和伊斯兰建筑中常见的一种长方形、带有拱顶的空间，三面围墙，一面开放。它由波斯人发明，3世纪时在帕提亚帝国治下达到成熟。在波斯语中伊万的入口門面又称“皮西塔克”（pishtaq）。其上常绘有繁复的几何花纹和伊斯兰书法。伊万的大小和形状并不完全固定。

16世紀波斯風格的波伊卡楊伊斯蘭教學校的伊萬，位於烏茲別克的布哈拉

泰姬陵的伊万

希克斯罗图福拉清真寺

参考文献

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• Downey, Susan B. Mesopotamian Religious Architecture: Alexander through the Parthians. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1988. ISBN 9780691035895. 
• Farrokh, Kaveh. Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war. Osprey Publishing. 2007. ISBN 1-84603-108-7. 
• Gillispie, Charles Coulston; Dewachter, Michel. Monuments of Egypt: the Napoleonic edition. The Complete Archaeological Plates from La Description de l'Egypte. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press. 1987. ISBN 9780910413213. 
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外部连接

• Oxford Art Online on Iwans（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Columbia’s Archive of Islamic Architecture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Columbia’s Archive of Ancient Architecture （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• UCSJ Tutorial on Islamic Architecture
• Sheila Blair’s Islamic Arts