元認識論

元认识论元哲学的主题和认识论的研究方法。它的目的為构建我们知识的知識以及了解本身的知识。

元认识论中,有兩種基本研究元认识论的方法:传统的规范认识论和自然认识论。

传统的认识论一直关注正当性。根据传统的知识模型,命题p是当且仅当

  1. X相信p,
  2. p是真的,
  3. X有理由相信p

笛卡尔时代以来,笛卡尔一直试图建立获取真实信念的标准,并確定我们有理由相信的信念。因此,认识论的主要项目就是阐明这种知识概念中的辩证条件,以形成合理的真实信念

自然认识论始于20世纪的威拉德·范奥曼·蒯因。他的主張被称为“替代自然主义”。這套理論是要从认识论中删除一切规范性描述。他希望把认识论与经验心理学的理論结合,以使每一个认识论的陈述都被經驗心理陈述所取代。

定义

认识论是知识的研究理论,它包括以下问题:什么是知识?如何获取、测试、存储、修订、更新和检索知識?

元認識論的目标是确定不正确的传统假设,或者是迄今为止被忽略的概括范围。然而,尽管认识论通常被视为哲学的一个分支,但它也會以生物学中的例子为例,它们在研究方式上似乎是相關的。

參見

參考文獻

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