元認識論
元認識論是元哲學的主題和認識論的研究方法。它的目的為構建我們知識的知識以及了解本身的知識。
在元認識論中,有兩種基本研究元認識論的方法:傳統的規範認識論和自然認識論。
傳統的認識論一直關注正當性。根據傳統的知識模型,命題p是若且唯若 :
- X相信p,
- p是真的,
- X有理由相信p
自笛卡爾時代以來,笛卡爾一直試圖建立獲取真實信念的標準,並確定我們有理由相信的信念。因此,認識論的主要項目就是闡明這種知識概念中的辯證條件,以形成合理的真實信念。
自然認識論始於20世紀的威拉德·范奧曼·蒯因。他的主張被稱為「替代自然主義」。這套理論是要從認識論中刪除一切規範性描述。他希望把認識論與經驗心理學的理論結合,以使每一個認識論的陳述都被經驗心理陳述所取代。
定義
認識論是知識的研究和理論,它包括以下問題:什麼是知識?如何獲取、測試、存儲、修訂、更新和檢索知識?
元認識論的目標是確定不正確的傳統假設,或者是迄今為止被忽略的概括範圍。然而,儘管認識論通常被視為哲學的一個分支,但它也會以生物學中的例子為例,它們在研究方式上似乎是相關的。
參見
參考文獻
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