山丘 (行星地質)
山丘 (pl. tholi)是在行星地質學用來描述一個小小的圓頂的山或小山[1]。這個詞是從希臘文θόλος[2] 轉過來的，原本的意思是有著圓錐形或拱形屋頂的建築物[3]，羅馬人翻譯這個字成為拉丁文的tholus，意思是圓頂 (cupola) 或 窟窿 (dome)[4]。 在1970年代早期，國際天文學聯合會 (IAU) 將tholus作為官方描述火星和其他行星與衛星地形特徵的術語[5]。使用中性的拉丁文或羅馬字描述的理由是在其地質或地貌被測量或確認之前，就可以為它命名 [6]。例如，許多山丘似乎是源自火山，而這個名詞並未意味著特定的地質成因[7]。目前，IAU確認了54個術語 (參見行星命名)。山丘使用在金星、火星、和木星的衛星艾歐。.
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Map of the Tharsis quadrangle showing major features, several of which are tholi. Tharsis contains many volcanoes, including Olympus Mons, the tallest known volcano in the solar system. -
Lower volcano is Ceraunius Tholus and upper volcano is Uranius Tholus as seen by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera. Ceraunius Tholus is about as high as Earth's Mount Everest. -
Western part of Jovis Tholus, as seen by THEMIS on Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Jovis Tholus is in the Tharsis quadrangle.
山丘的例子
參考資料
- ^ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ Liddell and Scott (1975). An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, p. 368.
- ^ Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tholus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ Simpson, D.P. (1968). Cassell's New Latin Dictionary; Funk & Wagnalls: New York, p. 604.
- ^ Greeley, R. (1994) Planetary Landscapes, 2nd ed.; Chapman & Hall: New York, pp. 35-36.
- ^ Russell, J.F.; Snyder, C.W.; Kieffer, H.H. (1992). Origin and Use of Martian Nomenclature in Mars, H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, p. 1310.
- ^ Russell, J.F.; Snyder, C.W.; Kieffer, H.H. (1992). Origin and Use of Martian Nomenclature in Mars, H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, p. 1312.