山丘 (行星地质)
山丘 (pl. tholi)是在行星地质学用来描述一个小小的圆顶的山或小山[1]。这个词是从希腊文θόλος[2] 转过来的，原本的意思是有着圆锥形或拱形屋顶的建筑物[3]，罗马人翻译这个字成为拉丁文的tholus，意思是圆顶 (cupola) 或 窟窿 (dome)[4]。 在1970年代早期，国际天文学联合会 (IAU) 将tholus作为官方描述火星和其他行星与卫星地形特征的术语[5]。使用中性的拉丁文或罗马字描述的理由是在其地质或地貌被测量或确认之前，就可以为它命名 [6]。例如，许多山丘似乎是源自火山，而这个名词并未意味着特定的地质成因[7]。目前，IAU确认了54个术语 (参见行星命名)。山丘使用在金星、火星、和木星的卫星艾欧。.
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Map of the Tharsis quadrangle showing major features, several of which are tholi. Tharsis contains many volcanoes, including Olympus Mons, the tallest known volcano in the solar system. -
Lower volcano is Ceraunius Tholus and upper volcano is Uranius Tholus as seen by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera. Ceraunius Tholus is about as high as Earth's Mount Everest. -
Western part of Jovis Tholus, as seen by THEMIS on Mars Odyssey spacecraft. Jovis Tholus is in the Tharsis quadrangle.
山丘的例子
参考资料
- ^ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ Liddell and Scott (1975). An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, p. 368.
- ^ Dictionary.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tholus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ Simpson, D.P. (1968). Cassell's New Latin Dictionary; Funk & Wagnalls: New York, p. 604.
- ^ Greeley, R. (1994) Planetary Landscapes, 2nd ed.; Chapman & Hall: New York, pp. 35-36.
- ^ Russell, J.F.; Snyder, C.W.; Kieffer, H.H. (1992). Origin and Use of Martian Nomenclature in Mars, H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, p. 1310.
- ^ Russell, J.F.; Snyder, C.W.; Kieffer, H.H. (1992). Origin and Use of Martian Nomenclature in Mars, H.H. Kieffer et al., Eds.; University of Arizona Press: Tucson, AZ, p. 1312.