江蓠属

江蓠科的一属藻类

江蓠属(學名:Gracilaria),其物種又名龍鬚菜[2]海髮[3]海麵條[4],是紅藻門江蓠科之下的一個,因其作為一種瓊脂植物的經濟重要性以及用作人類和各種貝類的食物而著稱。該屬內的各種物種在亚洲南美洲非洲大洋洲均有栽培。

江蓠属
江蓠
科学分类 编辑
门: 红藻门 Rhodophyta
纲: 真红藻纲 Florideophyceae
目: 江蓠目 Gracilariales
科: 江蓠科 Gracilariaceae
属: 江蓠属 Gracilaria
Greville英语Robert Kaye Greville, 1830
異名[1]
  • Ceramianthemum V.Donati ex S.Léman, 1817
  • Corallopsis Greville, 1830
  • Flagellaria Stackhouse, 1809
  • Plocaria Nees, 1820

分佈

本屬物種分佈於世界各地的溫暖水域,但也季節性地出現在溫帶的水域。這些紅藻不能承受低於10 °C(50 °F)的海水溫度;除了北極以外,江蘺屬物種在其餘所有海洋中均有發現。它的多樣性中心是西太平洋,在那裡它傳統上被用作瓊脂(亦作琼胶[5]洋菜)的來源而被養殖[6][7]。而養殖水域的鹽度,對瓊脂的生產量亦有所影響[5]

利用

 
Ogonori
 
Kkosiraegi-muchim英语muchim (seasoned gracilaria)

江蘺屬物種在菲律賓夏威夷英语Cuisine of Hawaii日本韓國等多國料理中均有使用[8]。在緬甸若開邦北部對出海域設有江蘺屬物種(可食龍鬚菜Gracilaria edulis)的養殖場,有近90年歷史[8]。 日本料理将其称为ogonoriogo。In the 菲律宾, it is called gulaman英语gulaman and used to make 果凍.[9] In 牙买加, it is known as Irish moss.[10]。在韓國,江蘺屬物種有「海麵條」(꼬시래기)的外號[4]

無論是在體外(in vitro)或體内(in vivo)的实验中,通过琼脂酶英语agaraseagarase)消化从含琼脂的江蘺屬物種多糖中制备、聚合度为6的江蘺寡糖已被证明是针对日本脑炎病毒感染的一种有效预防剂。來自江籬屬物種的硫化寡糖似乎是进一步发展为抗病毒剂的有希望候选物。[11]

水產貿易

江蘺屬物種常以大型藻類的形式在水產市場發售。對於刺尾鯛科[12]及不少其他植食性的魚類,它是一種高適口性藻類,而且其營養吸收能力使它成為一個合適的避難所(refugium)選擇。

生態學

江蘺屬物種有可能會被卵菌綱水黴Pythium porphyrae英语Pythium porphyrae寄生感染[13]

物種列表

截至2021年6月26日 (2021-06-26)WoRMS紀錄本屬包括下列各物種[1][14]

異名:

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Guiry MD. Guiry MD, Guiry GM , 编. Gracilaria Greville, 1830. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. 2018-11-16 [2021-08-19] –通过WoRMS. 
  2. ^ 龍鬚菜屬;江籬屬(紅) Gracilaria. [2021-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-30). 
  3. ^ 木村修次; 黒澤弘光 (编). 大修館現代漢和辞典. 大修館出版. 1996-12-10: 687 (日语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 꼬시래기 효능, 먹는법, 꼬시래기 부작용 알라보아요 [海麵條的效能、食用方法及副作用一覽]. [2021-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-26) (韩语). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 賀麗虹; 吳汪黔生; 沈頌東; 王得利. 盐度对细基江蓠繁枝变型的生长、琼胶产量和组成的影响. 《海洋通報》. 2002-12, 2002 (3): 39–43 [2021-07-01] (中文(简体)). 
  6. ^ McLachlan, J.; Bird, C.J. Geographical and experimental assessment of the distribution of Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales) in relation to temperature (PDF). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen. 1984, 38: 319–334 [2021-06-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-10). 
  7. ^ Oliveira, E.C., de; Plastino, E.M. Gracilariaceae. Akatsuka, Isamu (编). Biology of Economic Algae. SPB Academic Publishing. 1994. ISBN 9789051030938. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Kyaw, Aye. The Production of Gracilaria eduli in Burma. Report of the Training Course on Gracilaria Algae, Manila, Philippines. 1–30 April 1981 [27 April 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-05) (英语). 
  9. ^ Davidson, Alan. Seafood of South-East Asia: A Comprehensive Guide with Recipes. Ten Speed Press英语Ten Speed Press. 2004: 197. ISBN 978-1-58008-452-9. 
  10. ^ Thomas J. Goreau; Robert Kent Trench. Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration. CRC Press. 2013: 193– [30 June 2013]. ISBN 978-1-4665-5773-4. (原始内容存档于2021-07-07). 
  11. ^ Kazłowski B, Chiu YH, Kazłowska K, Pan CL, Wu CJ. Prevention of Japanese encephalitis virus infections by low-degree-polymerisation sulfated saccharides from Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum. Food Chem. 2012-08, 133 (3): 866–74. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.106 (英语). 
  12. ^ Volynkin, Alex. Growing Gracilaria Parvispora. Salt Water Reefing. 2013-09-28 [2016-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-29) (英语). This brings me back to Achilles’s diet. The guy apparently really likes Gracilaria macro algae. No wonder, especially considering that the grass is indigenous to Hawaii as well, and is considered the favorite food for tangs. 
  13. ^ Spencer, M. A. Pythium porphyrae. (Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria). IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 2004, 162 (Sheet 1617) [2017-10-10] (英语). A description is provided for Pythium porphyrae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Red-rot disease, red-wasting disease. HOSTS: Bangia atropurpurea, Callophyllis adhaerens, Polyopes affinis (syn 
  14. ^ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 『學名』 開頭 『Gracilaria』 的資料 14 筆(含同種異名). 臺灣物種名錄TaiBNET). [2023-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-06) (中文(繁體)). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel, Suzanne Fredericq, James N. Norris & Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin (2008) Two new flat species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil: G. abyssalis sp. nov. and G. brasiliensis sp. nov., Phycologia, 47:3, 249-264, DOI: 10.2216/PH06-59.1
  16. ^ Ng, P.-K.; Lim, P.-E.; Phang, S.-M. Radiation of the red algal parasite Congracilaria babae onto a secondary host species, Hydropuntia sp. (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One. 2014, 9 ({5, e97450}): 1–11, 4 fig, 3 tables (英语). 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 丁兰平; 谭华强; 孙国栋. 粤东地区江蓠属 Gracilaria &#124 (江蓠科,红藻门)的形态分类学. CNKI. [2021-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11) (中文(简体)). 
  18. ^ 藻類:粗龍鬚菜 Gracilaria firma &#124 Chang & Xia, 1976. 臺灣常見經濟性水產:動植物圖鑑. 行政院農業委員會漁業署. : 52 [2021-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-30) (中文(繁體)). 
  19. ^ Jantana Saengkaew, Narongrit Muangmai, Jakaphan Bulan and Giuseppe C. Zuccarello. 2022. Gracilaria khanjanapajiae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2022.2062189
  20. ^ Narongrit Muangmai, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Thidarat Noiraksa and Khanjanapaj Lewmanomont. 2014. A New Flat Gracilaria: Gracilaria lantaensis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. 53(2); 137-145. DOI: 10.2216/13-215.1
  21. ^ Luanda Pereira Soares, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel & Mutue Toyota Fujii (2018) Gracilaria suzannae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new flattened species from northeast Brazil based on morphological and molecular evidence, Phycologia, 57:3, 345-353, DOI: 10.2216/17-102.1
  22. ^ Lin, S.-M.; Liu, L.-C. Liu; Payri, C. Characterization of Gracilaria vieillardii and molecular phylogeny of foliose species from the western Pacific Ocean, including a description of G. taiwanensis. Phycologia. 2012, 51 (4): 421–431 (英语). 
  23. ^ 刘若愚. 中国近海重要生态建群红藻真江蓠(Gracilaria vermiculophylla)的居群遗传多样性研究. [2023-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-06) (中文(简体)). 
  24. ^ Adriano Sfriso, Marion Adelheid Wolf, Katia Sciuto, Marina Morabito, Carlo Andreoli & Isabella Moro (2013) Gracilaria viridis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): a new red algal species from the Mediterranean Sea, Phycologia, 52:1, 65-73, DOI: 10.2216/12-007.1
引用错误:在<references>标签中name属性为“Wang et al 2015”的参考文献没有在文中使用

外部連結