江蓠属

江蓠科的一属藻类

江蓠属(学名:Gracilaria),其物种又名龙须菜[2]海发[3]海面条[4],是红藻门江蓠科之下的一个,因其作为一种琼脂植物的经济重要性以及用作人类和各种贝类的食物而著称。该属内的各种物种在亚洲南美洲非洲大洋洲均有栽培。

江蓠属
江蓠
科学分类 编辑
门: 红藻门 Rhodophyta
纲: 真红藻纲 Florideophyceae
目: 江蓠目 Gracilariales
科: 江蓠科 Gracilariaceae
属: 江蓠属 Gracilaria
Greville英语Robert Kaye Greville, 1830
异名[1]
  • Ceramianthemum V.Donati ex S.Léman, 1817
  • Corallopsis Greville, 1830
  • Flagellaria Stackhouse, 1809
  • Plocaria Nees, 1820

分布

本属物种分布于世界各地的温暖水域,但也季节性地出现在温带的水域。这些红藻不能承受低于10 °C(50 °F)的海水温度;除了北极以外,江蓠属物种在其余所有海洋中均有发现。它的多样性中心是西太平洋,在那里它传统上被用作琼脂(亦作琼胶[5]洋菜)的来源而被养殖[6][7]。而养殖水域的盐度,对琼脂的生产量亦有所影响[5]

利用

 
Ogonori
 
Kkosiraegi-muchim英语muchim (seasoned gracilaria)

江蓠属物种在菲律宾夏威夷英语Cuisine of Hawaii日本韩国等多国料理中均有使用[8]。在缅甸若开邦北部对出海域设有江蓠属物种(可食龙须菜Gracilaria edulis)的养殖场,有近90年历史[8]。 日本料理将其称为ogonoriogo。In the 菲律宾, it is called gulaman英语gulaman and used to make 果冻.[9] In 牙买加, it is known as Irish moss.[10]。在韩国,江蓠属物种有“海面条”(꼬시래기)的外号[4]

无论是在体外(in vitro)或体内(in vivo)的实验中,通过琼脂酶英语agaraseagarase)消化从含琼脂的江蓠属物种多糖中制备、聚合度为6的江蓠寡糖已被证明是针对日本脑炎病毒感染的一种有效预防剂。来自江篱属物种的硫化寡糖似乎是进一步发展为抗病毒剂的有希望候选物。[11]

水产贸易

江蓠属物种常以大型藻类的形式在水产市场发售。对于刺尾鲷科[12]及不少其他植食性的鱼类,它是一种高适口性藻类,而且其营养吸收能力使它成为一个合适的避难所(refugium)选择。

生态学

江蓠属物种有可能会被卵菌纲水霉Pythium porphyrae英语Pythium porphyrae寄生感染[13]

物种列表

截至2021年6月26日 (2021-06-26)WoRMS纪录本属包括下列各物种[1][14]

异名:

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Guiry MD. Guiry MD, Guiry GM , 编. Gracilaria Greville, 1830. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. 2018-11-16 [2021-08-19] –通过WoRMS. 
  2. ^ 龍鬚菜屬;江籬屬(紅) Gracilaria. [2021-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-30). 
  3. ^ 木村修次; 黒泽弘光 (编). 大修館現代漢和辞典. 大修馆出版. 1996-12-10: 687 (日语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 꼬시래기 효능, 먹는법, 꼬시래기 부작용 알라보아요 [海面条的效能、食用方法及副作用一览]. [2021-07-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-26) (韩语). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 贺丽虹; 吴汪黔生; 沈颂东; 王得利. 盐度对细基江蓠繁枝变型的生长、琼胶产量和组成的影响. 《海洋通报》. 2002-12, 2002 (3): 39–43 [2021-07-01] (中文(简体)). 
  6. ^ McLachlan, J.; Bird, C.J. Geographical and experimental assessment of the distribution of Gracilaria species (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales) in relation to temperature (PDF). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen. 1984, 38: 319–334 [2021-06-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-10). 
  7. ^ Oliveira, E.C., de; Plastino, E.M. Gracilariaceae. Akatsuka, Isamu (编). Biology of Economic Algae. SPB Academic Publishing. 1994. ISBN 9789051030938. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Kyaw, Aye. The Production of Gracilaria eduli in Burma. Report of the Training Course on Gracilaria Algae, Manila, Philippines. 1–30 April 1981 [27 April 2013]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-05) (英语). 
  9. ^ Davidson, Alan. Seafood of South-East Asia: A Comprehensive Guide with Recipes. Ten Speed Press英语Ten Speed Press. 2004: 197. ISBN 978-1-58008-452-9. 
  10. ^ Thomas J. Goreau; Robert Kent Trench. Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration. CRC Press. 2013: 193– [30 June 2013]. ISBN 978-1-4665-5773-4. (原始内容存档于2021-07-07). 
  11. ^ Kazłowski B, Chiu YH, Kazłowska K, Pan CL, Wu CJ. Prevention of Japanese encephalitis virus infections by low-degree-polymerisation sulfated saccharides from Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum. Food Chem. 2012-08, 133 (3): 866–74. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.106 (英语). 
  12. ^ Volynkin, Alex. Growing Gracilaria Parvispora. Salt Water Reefing. 2013-09-28 [2016-12-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-29) (英语). This brings me back to Achilles’s diet. The guy apparently really likes Gracilaria macro algae. No wonder, especially considering that the grass is indigenous to Hawaii as well, and is considered the favorite food for tangs. 
  13. ^ Spencer, M. A. Pythium porphyrae. (Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria). IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria. 2004, 162 (Sheet 1617) [2017-10-10] (英语). A description is provided for Pythium porphyrae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Red-rot disease, red-wasting disease. HOSTS: Bangia atropurpurea, Callophyllis adhaerens, Polyopes affinis (syn 
  14. ^ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 『學名』 開頭 『Gracilaria』 的資料 14 筆(含同種異名). 台湾物种名录TaiBNET). [2023-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-06) (中文(繁体)). 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel, Suzanne Fredericq, James N. Norris & Yocie Yoneshigue-Valentin (2008) Two new flat species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil: G. abyssalis sp. nov. and G. brasiliensis sp. nov., Phycologia, 47:3, 249-264, DOI: 10.2216/PH06-59.1
  16. ^ Ng, P.-K.; Lim, P.-E.; Phang, S.-M. Radiation of the red algal parasite Congracilaria babae onto a secondary host species, Hydropuntia sp. (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). PLoS One. 2014, 9 ({5, e97450}): 1–11, 4 fig, 3 tables (英语). 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 丁兰平; 谭华强; 孙国栋. 粤东地区江蓠属 Gracilaria &#124 (江蓠科,红藻门)的形态分类学. CNKI. [2021-07-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11) (中文(简体)). 
  18. ^ 藻類:粗龍鬚菜 Gracilaria firma &#124 Chang & Xia, 1976. 臺灣常見經濟性水產:動植物圖鑑. 行政院农业委员会渔业署. : 52 [2021-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-30) (中文(繁体)). 
  19. ^ Jantana Saengkaew, Narongrit Muangmai, Jakaphan Bulan and Giuseppe C. Zuccarello. 2022. Gracilaria khanjanapajiae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2022.2062189
  20. ^ Narongrit Muangmai, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello, Thidarat Noiraksa and Khanjanapaj Lewmanomont. 2014. A New Flat Gracilaria: Gracilaria lantaensis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from the Andaman Coast of Thailand. Phycologia. 53(2); 137-145. DOI: 10.2216/13-215.1
  21. ^ Luanda Pereira Soares, Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel & Mutue Toyota Fujii (2018) Gracilaria suzannae sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new flattened species from northeast Brazil based on morphological and molecular evidence, Phycologia, 57:3, 345-353, DOI: 10.2216/17-102.1
  22. ^ Lin, S.-M.; Liu, L.-C. Liu; Payri, C. Characterization of Gracilaria vieillardii and molecular phylogeny of foliose species from the western Pacific Ocean, including a description of G. taiwanensis. Phycologia. 2012, 51 (4): 421–431 (英语). 
  23. ^ 刘若愚. 中国近海重要生态建群红藻真江蓠(Gracilaria vermiculophylla)的居群遗传多样性研究. [2023-03-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-06) (中文(简体)). 
  24. ^ Adriano Sfriso, Marion Adelheid Wolf, Katia Sciuto, Marina Morabito, Carlo Andreoli & Isabella Moro (2013) Gracilaria viridis sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): a new red algal species from the Mediterranean Sea, Phycologia, 52:1, 65-73, DOI: 10.2216/12-007.1
引用错误:在<references>标签中name属性为“Wang et al 2015”的参考文献没有在文中使用

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