牙齒發育
牙齒形成的過程
(重定向自牙齿发育)
牙齒發育或稱牙生成(英語:odontogenesis),是胚胎細胞發育、生長成為牙齒,最後長於口腔內的複雜過程。雖然許多物種都有牙齒構造,但牠們的牙齒發育普遍和人類相同。人類牙齒必須經過良好的胚胎發育階段,才能發展出健康的口腔環境、牙釉質、牙本質、牙骨質及牙周組織。乳齒在六至八週之間開始形成,恆齒則是第二十週時開始生長、逐漸取代乳齒[1],錯過這段時間牙齒便不會發育。
註釋
- ^ Ten Cate, A. R. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. St. Louis: Mosby. 1998: 81–102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
參考資料
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- The American Dental Hygiene Association (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-10]
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- Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
- Buchheim, Jason. "A Quick Course in Ichthyology" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2006-01-07]
- Cate, A.R. Ten. Oral Histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. 1998. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
- Caceci, Thomas. Veterinary Histology with subtitle "Digestive System: Oral Cavity". [2005-12-15]
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- Harris, Edward F. Craniofacial Growth and Development. In the section entitled "Tooth Eruption." 2002.
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- Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.
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- Neville, B.W., Douglas Damm, Carl Allen, Jerry Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd edition. 2002. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
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- University of Southern California School of Dentistry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "The Bell Stage: Image 26" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-11]
- University of Southern California School of Dentistry (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "The Bell Stage: Image 30" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-11]
- University of Texas Medical Branch. "Lab Exercises: Tooth development." Page found here.
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- WebMd (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). "Dental Health: Your Child's Teeth" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). [2005-12-12]
- The international Journal of Developmental Biology. Odontogenesis Vol.39, N° 1 (1995) [1]
外部連結
- 生物人類學與古代人DNA (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 發育中牙齒的不同基因資料庫 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- 獸醫組織學,Dr. Thomas Caceci