牙齿发育

牙齿发育或称牙生成（英语：odontogenesis），是胚胎细胞发育、生长成为牙齿，最后长于口腔内的复杂过程。虽然许多物种都有牙齿构造，但它们的牙齿发育普遍和人类相同。人类牙齿必须经过良好的胚胎发育阶段，才能发展出健康的口腔环境、牙釉质、牙本质、牙骨质及牙周组织。乳齿在六至八周之间开始形成，恒齿则是第二十周时开始生长、逐渐取代乳齿，错过这段时间牙齿便不会发育。

X光照片由右下方拍摄，左起：第三、第二以及第一臼齿，各在不同发育阶段

参考资料

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• The American Dental Association. "Tooth Eruption Charts". [2005-12-12]
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• University of Southern California School of Dentistry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "The Bell Stage: Image 26" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-11]
• University of Southern California School of Dentistry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "The Bell Stage: Image 30" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-11]
• University of Texas Medical Branch. "Lab Exercises: Tooth development." Page found here.
• Williams, Michael E. "Jaws: The early years" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 1992. [2006-01-07]
• WebMd （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. "Dental Health: Your Child's Teeth" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. [2005-12-12]
• The international Journal of Developmental Biology. Odontogenesis Vol.39, N° 1 (1995) [1]

外部链接

• 生物人类学与古代人DNA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 发育中牙齿的不同基因资料库 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 兽医组织学，Dr. Thomas Caceci