英國脫歐術語彙編
與英國脫歐有關的術語、常見字眼及專有名詞列表
A
B
- Blind Brexit(英國盲脫歐)
- 代表英國在未釐清英歐貿易協議條文的情況下離開歐盟[4][5]。脫歐後至2020年12月31日期間,英國和歐盟可以完善協議內容,而英方實際上仍然是歐盟成員國,但沒有投票權[6][7]。又被稱為「Blindfold Brexit」(英國蒙眼脫歐)。
- Brexit(英國脫歐)
- 是「British」(英國的)和「exit」(退出)的混成詞及複雜名詞短語[9],早期稱為「Brixit」[10]。《牛津英語詞典》認證的首次使用是2012年5月15日、彼得·衛庭的Euractiv部落格文章[11][12][13]。脫歐一詞參考了同年2月6日首次獲認證使用的「希退(Grexit)」,即希臘退出歐元區的可能性[14][15][13]。英國的歐盟會籍最終在2020年1月31日國際標準時間晚上11點結束,代表英國正式脫歐[16]。
- Brexit day(英國脫歐日)
- 代表英國正式脫離歐盟的日子,即2020年1月31日晚上11點。脫歐日原定是2019年3月29日晚上11點,但之後押後至4月12日或5月22日,視乎能否達成並批准脫歐協議;再押後至7月1日或10月31日,視乎英方是否參與歐洲議會選舉[17]。參見「Exit Day」。
- Brextension(英國遲脫歐)
- 是「Brexit」和「extension」(延長)的混成詞,代表英國脫歐限期延遲至2020年1月31日[31]。
C
- Canada model(加拿大模式)
- 代表英國與歐盟之間自由貿易協定的其中一個方案,容許英國控制自己的貿易政策並反對英歐共同協商,但雙方仍須就原產地規則達成協議。在此方案下的英歐貿易將比加入欧洲自由贸易联盟受到更多掣肘,也因而要在愛爾蘭島設立邊境管制,成為最大的爭議。至於加拿大與歐盟的協議花費了七年時間才成功,但脫歐支持者認為英歐已就規管標準達成共識,因此談判時間將可大大縮短[32]。或稱「Canada plus」(加拿大+)。
D
E
- EU customs union(歐盟關稅同盟)
- 即歐盟成員國之間不會向對方進口的貨品徵收稅項,而其他非成員國進口貨品也會有共同關稅[40]。關稅同盟促進貿易及經濟合作,而離開組織則可以自行制定貿易政策[41]。脫歐協議提及,英國所有構成國和地區將會離開關稅聯盟,法理上在北愛爾蘭和愛爾蘭之間設立關稅邊界,但實際上所有清關都會在愛爾蘭海完成,有機會由北愛運至愛爾蘭的貨品則需要徵收稅款[42]。
- Exit day(退出日)
- 被英國國內法律定義以處理脫歐後對英國國內的影響,法律上沒有與脫歐日掛鈎[43]。參見「Brexit Day」。
F
H
I
- Indicative vote(指示性表決)
- 代表下議院就無約束力決議進行的一系列表決,旨在檢視下議院就某一議題不同選項的取向[49]。2019年3月27日,下議院議員就英國脫歐下一步進程的八個不同選項進行指示性表決,但最終全數都被否決[50]。到4月1日,下議院再就四個選項進行新一輪指示性表決,依舊全被否決[51]。
- Implementation period(實施期)
- 參見「Transition period」。
- Irish backstop(愛爾蘭邊界後備方案)
- 指為避免北愛爾蘭和愛爾蘭出現硬邊界及尊重貝爾法斯特協議的「保障政策」[3][52],並被納入2018年的脫歐協議。一旦在過渡期後仍未能就愛爾蘭邊界問題達成解決方案,後備方案即會落實。根據方案,英國將會留在歐盟關稅聯盟,而北愛爾蘭將比英國其餘地方遵從更多歐盟規則[3]。反對者擔心後備方案將會令脫歐後的英國無限期依附歐盟[53],而英方亦不能夠單方面退出此方案[54]。2019年10月,當局修訂脫歐協議,後備方案被一個四年計劃取代,其間北愛爾蘭將繼續實行歐盟法律,如獲得北愛爾蘭議會同意,該期限可以延長至八年[55]。簡稱「Backstop」(後備方案)。
L
- Leaver(離開者)
- 參見「Brexiteer」。
- Lexit(左翼脫歐者)
M
- Meaningful vote(有意義表決)
- 代表《2018年歐洲聯盟(脫離)法令》第13條規定的國會表決,要求政府在英國國會動議就英歐談判成果進行辯論和表決,英國國會通過後將交由欧洲议会表決是否根據《歐盟條約》第50(2)條同意脫歐協議[60]。
N
- No-deal Brexit(英國無協議脫歐)
- 指英國在沒有與歐盟達成脫歐協議和/或貿易協議的情況下離開歐洲聯盟[64]。
P
- People's Vote(人民之票)
- 指提倡就最終脫歐協議舉行二次公投的利益團體。團體在2018年4月成立,並曾舉辦多場示威反對脫歐,包括人民之票遊行。
R
- Remainer(留歐者)
- 代指英國留在歐盟的支持者[67]。
S
- Second referendum(二次公投)
- 是由多名政治人物和壓力團體提倡的方案,要求在脫歐公投後再舉行公投,例如再次決定是否脫歐、或決定是否通過脫歐協議[69]。
Soft Brexit(英國軟脫歐)
T
- Transition(過渡期)
- 指根據《2019-20年歐洲聯盟(脫離協議)法令》第39條規定的時段,至2020年12月31日國際標準時間晚上11點結束,期間英國和歐洲繼續磋商未來的合作和完善協議。
W
延伸閱讀
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- O'Grady, Sean. Brexicon: A full dictionary of Brexit-related jargon. The Independent. 2018-02-21 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- Brexit: Jargon-busting guide to the key terms. BBC News. 2019-10-21 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-07).
- Kirby, Jen. Brexiteer to second referendum: a handy Brexit glossary. Vox. 2019-10-28 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-11).
- Brexit: The jargon explained. Sky News. 2019-06-26 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17).
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a name given to a person who believes that the UK should remain in the European Union and does not support Brexit: – The journalist doesn't mind being called a Remoaner, as it tells her that her opponents, the Brexiteers, are getting desperate.
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