英国脱欧术语汇编
與英國脫歐有關的術語、常見字眼及專有名詞列表
A
B
- Blind Brexit(英国盲脱欧)
- 代表英国在未厘清英欧贸易协议条文的情况下离开欧盟[4][5]。脱欧后至2020年12月31日期间,英国和欧盟可以完善协议内容,而英方实际上仍然是欧盟成员国,但没有投票权[6][7]。又被称为“Blindfold Brexit”(英国蒙眼脱欧)。
- Brexit(英国脱欧)
- 是“British”(英国的)和“exit”(退出)的混成词及复杂名词短语[9],早期称为“Brixit”[10]。《牛津英语词典》认证的首次使用是2012年5月15日、彼得·卫庭的Euractiv部落格文章[11][12][13]。脱欧一词参考了同年2月6日首次获认证使用的“希退(Grexit)”,即希腊退出欧元区的可能性[14][15][13]。英国的欧盟会籍最终在2020年1月31日国际标准时间晚上11点结束,代表英国正式脱欧[16]。
- Brexit day(英国脱欧日)
- 代表英国正式脱离欧盟的日子,即2020年1月31日晚上11点。脱欧日原定是2019年3月29日晚上11点,但之后押后至4月12日或5月22日,视乎能否达成并批准脱欧协议;再押后至7月1日或10月31日,视乎英方是否参与欧洲议会选举[17]。参见“Exit Day”。
- Brextension(英国迟脱欧)
- 是“Brexit”和“extension”(延长)的混成词,代表英国脱欧限期延迟至2020年1月31日[31]。
C
- Canada model(加拿大模式)
- 代表英国与欧盟之间自由贸易协定的其中一个方案,容许英国控制自己的贸易政策并反对英欧共同协商,但双方仍须就原产地规则达成协议。在此方案下的英欧贸易将比加入欧洲自由贸易联盟受到更多掣肘,也因而要在爱尔兰岛设立边境管制,成为最大的争议。至于加拿大与欧盟的协议花费了七年时间才成功,但脱欧支持者认为英欧已就规管标准达成共识,因此谈判时间将可大大缩短[32]。或称“Canada plus”(加拿大+)。
D
E
- EU customs union(欧盟关税同盟)
- 即欧盟成员国之间不会向对方进口的货品征收税项,而其他非成员国进口货品也会有共同关税[40]。关税同盟促进贸易及经济合作,而离开组织则可以自行制定贸易政策[41]。脱欧协议提及,英国所有构成国和地区将会离开关税联盟,法理上在北爱尔兰和爱尔兰之间设立关税边界,但实际上所有清关都会在爱尔兰海完成,有机会由北爱运至爱尔兰的货品则需要征收税款[42]。
- Exit day(退出日)
- 被英国国内法律定义以处理脱欧后对英国国内的影响,法律上没有与脱欧日挂钩[43]。参见“Brexit Day”。
F
H
I
- Indicative vote(指示性表决)
- 代表下议院就无约束力决议进行的一系列表决,旨在检视下议院就某一议题不同选项的取向[49]。2019年3月27日,下议院议员就英国脱欧下一步进程的八个不同选项进行指示性表决,但最终全数都被否决[50]。到4月1日,下议院再就四个选项进行新一轮指示性表决,依旧全被否决[51]。
- Implementation period(实施期)
- 参见“Transition period”。
- Irish backstop(爱尔兰边界后备方案)
- 指为避免北爱尔兰和爱尔兰出现硬边界及尊重贝尔法斯特协议的“保障政策”[3][52],并被纳入2018年的脱欧协议。一旦在过渡期后仍未能就爱尔兰边界问题达成解决方案,后备方案即会落实。根据方案,英国将会留在欧盟关税联盟,而北爱尔兰将比英国其馀地方遵从更多欧盟规则[3]。反对者担心后备方案将会令脱欧后的英国无限期依附欧盟[53],而英方亦不能够单方面退出此方案[54]。2019年10月,当局修订脱欧协议,后备方案被一个四年计划取代,其间北爱尔兰将继续实行欧盟法律,如获得北爱尔兰议会同意,该期限可以延长至八年[55]。简称“Backstop”(后备方案)。
L
- Leaver(离开者)
- 参见“Brexiteer”。
- Lexit(左翼脱欧者)
M
- Meaningful vote(有意义表决)
- 代表《2018年欧洲联盟(脱离)法令》第13条规定的国会表决,要求政府在英国国会动议就英欧谈判成果进行辩论和表决,英国国会通过后将交由欧洲议会表决是否根据《欧盟条约》第50(2)条同意脱欧协议[60]。
N
- No-deal Brexit(英国无协议脱欧)
- 指英国在没有与欧盟达成脱欧协议和/或贸易协议的情况下离开欧洲联盟[64]。
P
- People's Vote(人民之票)
- 指提倡就最终脱欧协议举行二次公投的利益团体。团体在2018年4月成立,并曾举办多场示威反对脱欧,包括人民之票游行。
R
- Remainer(留欧者)
- 代指英国留在欧盟的支持者[67]。
S
- Second referendum(二次公投)
- 是由多名政治人物和压力团体提倡的方案,要求在脱欧公投后再举行公投,例如再次决定是否脱欧、或决定是否通过脱欧协议[69]。
Soft Brexit(英国软脱欧)
T
- Transition(过渡期)
- 指根据《2019-20年欧洲联盟(脱离协议)法令》第39条规定的时段,至2020年12月31日国际标准时间晚上11点结束,期间英国和欧洲继续磋商未来的合作和完善协议。
W
延伸阅读
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- O'Grady, Sean. Brexicon: A full dictionary of Brexit-related jargon. The Independent. 2018-02-21 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- Brexit: Jargon-busting guide to the key terms. BBC News. 2019-10-21 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-07).
- Kirby, Jen. Brexiteer to second referendum: a handy Brexit glossary. Vox. 2019-10-28 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-11).
- Brexit: The jargon explained. Sky News. 2019-06-26 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17).
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a name given to a person who believes that the UK should remain in the European Union and does not support Brexit: – The journalist doesn't mind being called a Remoaner, as it tells her that her opponents, the Brexiteers, are getting desperate.
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