野家蠶

野家蠶
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	鱗翅目 Lepidoptera
科：	蚕蛾科 Bombycidae
属：	家蠶蛾屬 Bombyx
种：	野家蠶 B. mandarina
二名法
	Bombyx mandarina; (Moore, 1872)
異名
	Bombyx mori mandarina (Moore, 1872); Theophila mandarina Moore, 1872;

野家蠶（Bombyx mandarina）是蚕（B. mori）的野生祖先，外表和其他鱗翅目昆虫并无特别差别。相比家养蚕，此物可飞行、能在野外独立生存，一般呈现灰褐色，且雄性身体更瘦长、翅膀更发达。大概是五千年前人类开始将此物家养，缓慢选育出蚕。蚕的选育在基因历史上只发生了一次。^[1]

此物在不同地区的染色体数不同：中国内陆56、日本及其他北方地区54。结合染色体数和线粒体基因证据，可以推断家养蚕是来自中国内陆的野家蚕。^[2]^[3]

此物可和家蚕杂交，无论雌雄配对方向都可产有生育力的后代。野家蠶一般是由雌性释放信息素，吸引雄性飞来。雄家蠶一样会被吸引，但因为不会飞行，所以雄家蚕和雌野家蚕的杂交只会在饲养环境中发生。因此，此两种也有视为同一个物种的两个亚种的观点，按命名学原则应是更老的B. mori名优先。不过考虑到家蠶依赖人类照料生存，也可以认为这两个种群存在生殖隔离。

^ Yoshitake, Narumi. Phylogenetic aspects on the origin of Japanese race of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan. 1968, 37 (2): 83–87. doi:10.11416/kontyushigen1930.37.83  （日语）.
^ Yukuhiro, Kenji; Sezutsu, Hideki; Itoh, Masanobu; Shimizu, Koichi; Banno, Yutaka. Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2002, 19 (8): 1385–1389. PMID 12140251. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004200 .
^ Arunkumar, K.P.; Metta, Muralidhar; Nagaraju, J. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 419–427. PMID 16644243. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.023.

[Yoshitake-1] Yoshitake, Narumi. Phylogenetic aspects on the origin of Japanese race of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan. 1968, 37 (2): 83–87. doi:10.11416/kontyushigen1930.37.83  （日语）.

[2] Yukuhiro, Kenji; Sezutsu, Hideki; Itoh, Masanobu; Shimizu, Koichi; Banno, Yutaka. Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2002, 19 (8): 1385–1389. PMID 12140251. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004200 .

[3] Arunkumar, K.P.; Metta, Muralidhar; Nagaraju, J. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 419–427. PMID 16644243. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.023.

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