野家蠶

野家蠶
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	鱗翅目 Lepidoptera
科：	蠶蛾科 Bombycidae
屬：	家蠶蛾屬 Bombyx
種：	野家蠶 B. mandarina
二名法
	Bombyx mandarina; (Moore, 1872)
異名
	Bombyx mori mandarina (Moore, 1872); Theophila mandarina Moore, 1872;

野家蠶（Bombyx mandarina）是蠶（B. mori）的野生祖先，外表和其他鱗翅目昆蟲並無特別差別。相比家養蠶，此物可飛行、能在野外獨立生存，一般呈現灰褐色，且雄性身體更瘦長、翅膀更發達。大概是五千年前人類開始將此物家養，緩慢選育出蠶。蠶的選育在基因歷史上只發生了一次。^[1]

此物在不同地區的染色體數不同：中國內陸56、日本及其他北方地區54。結合染色體數和粒線體基因證據，可以推斷家養蠶是來自中國內陸的野家蠶。^[2]^[3]

此物可和家蠶雜交，無論雌雄配對方向都可產有生育力的後代。野家蠶一般是由雌性釋放信息素，吸引雄性飛來。雄家蠶一樣會被吸引，但因為不會飛行，所以雄家蠶和雌野家蠶的雜交只會在飼養環境中發生。因此，此兩種也有視為同一個物種的兩個亞種的觀點，按命名學原則應是更老的B. mori名優先。不過考慮到家蠶依賴人類照料生存，也可以認為這兩個種群存在生殖隔離。

^ Yoshitake, Narumi. Phylogenetic aspects on the origin of Japanese race of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan. 1968, 37 (2): 83–87. doi:10.11416/kontyushigen1930.37.83  （日語）.
^ Yukuhiro, Kenji; Sezutsu, Hideki; Itoh, Masanobu; Shimizu, Koichi; Banno, Yutaka. Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2002, 19 (8): 1385–1389. PMID 12140251. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004200 .
^ Arunkumar, K.P.; Metta, Muralidhar; Nagaraju, J. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 419–427. PMID 16644243. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.023.

[Yoshitake-1] Yoshitake, Narumi. Phylogenetic aspects on the origin of Japanese race of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. The Journal of Sericultural Science of Japan. 1968, 37 (2): 83–87. doi:10.11416/kontyushigen1930.37.83  （日語）.

[2] Yukuhiro, Kenji; Sezutsu, Hideki; Itoh, Masanobu; Shimizu, Koichi; Banno, Yutaka. Significant levels of sequence divergence and gene rearrangements have occurred between the mitochondrial genomes of the wild mulberry silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its close relative, the domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2002, 19 (8): 1385–1389. PMID 12140251. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004200 .

[3] Arunkumar, K.P.; Metta, Muralidhar; Nagaraju, J. Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 419–427. PMID 16644243. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.023.

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