维基百科

下丘脑腹内侧核

下丘脑腹内侧核（ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus，缩写VMN ，或ventromedial hypothalamus，缩写VMH ）是下丘脑的一个核团。 腹内侧核与饥饿感、恐惧感、体温调节和性向行为相关， [1]位于其中的饱食中枢促使人产生饱足感。

下丘脑腹内侧核
腹内侧核位于图中的“VM”处
基本信息
属于下丘脑
动脉脑底动脉（英语：Basilar artery）
标识字符
拉丁文nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
MeSHD014697
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）398
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） IDbirnlex_1572
TA98A14.1.08.928
TA25729
FMAFMA:62332
《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》

结构

腹内侧核细分为下列四个部分：

  • 前腹侧（VMHa）
  • 背内侧（VMHdm）：影响雄性发声和气味标记行为。 [2] [3]
  • 腹外侧（VMHvl）：包含许多不同功能的神经元群。 [4]该区域对女性的性兴奋行为（脊柱前凸）产生影响。[5] [6] [7] [8]对雌激素介导的运动[9]和能量消耗与产热也有影响。[10]
  • 中央（VMHc）

在解剖学、神经化学和行为科学领域有不同的细分方式。

功能

腹内侧核与饱足感（英语：satiety）相关。早期研究指出腹内侧核病变会导致实验鼠暴食，也会导致肥胖症。然而Gold的研究显示腹内侧核受损并不会影响到摄食量，推翻了早期实验的解释。[11]然而，多项研究显示突发性的暴食症及肥胖症是由腹内侧核的病变或注射普鲁卡因所引发，并可由此看出腹内侧核对饱足感的影响。[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

在2006年对于这个议题的主要审查得出以下结论：在Gold的研究前后都有相关的解剖学研究，但是对于病变的研究结果与Gold的研究结果不尽相同，期间所有发布的论文中皆比较了腹内侧核病变及视旁核（PVN）病变，并且表明腹内侧核病变的实验对象的进食量明显较多，使得体重比原先增加了两倍之多。[19]这也证实了腹内侧核是下丘脑的饱食中枢。

研究也发现腹内侧核损伤会导致大鼠血浆中胰岛素的含量增加。与一般大鼠相比，腹内侧核病变的大鼠产生过多的循环饱腹感因子（瘦素），并无法对此作出反应，造成它们进食过度。[20]

研究人员分别观察了21只肥胖程度不同的大鼠，包括“生长外观”、“脂肪分布”、“身体状况”以及“肥胖程度”与下丘脑病变之间的相关性。下丘脑区域（尤其是腹内侧区域）的病变会阻断大量下丘脑细胞群的下行神经纤维，从而导致大鼠肥胖。[21]

另一项研究发现下丘脑腹内侧内的大麻素受体mRNA浓度似乎高过下丘脑内其他细胞的。大麻素的摄入与“奖励机制”有关，也与大脑多巴胺的释放有关。[22]

腹内侧核对于哺乳动物的游戏行为来说也很重要，腹内侧核以及海马体、杏仁核、小脑和下丘脑外侧（英语：Lateral hypothalamus）病变均与游戏减少相关。[23]

研究指出，腹内侧核双侧的果寡糖（FOS）表现与C57BL/6J小鼠氟乙基反复诱发癫痫的严重程度变化有关。[24][25] 此外，腹内侧核双侧的病变能够阻止癫痫放电传播进入脑干癫痫系统。[26]

手术

在西德，至少有70名男性在1962年至1979年间接受了腹内侧核手术。这些人当中多是因为有不正常的性行为（如：同性恋、性欲亢进、恋童癖等）而被强制接受手术。[27]

参考资料

  1. ^ Kurrasch DM, Cheung CC, Lee FY, Tran PV, Hata K, Ingraham HA. The neonatal ventromedial hypothalamus transcriptome reveals novel markers with spatially distinct patterning. The Journal of Neuroscience. December 2007, 27 (50): 13624–34. PMC 6673626  . PMID 18077674. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2858-07.2007  . 
  2. ^ Flanagan-Cato LM, Lee BJ, Calizo LH. Co-localization of midbrain projections, progestin receptors, and mating-induced fos in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the female rat. Hormones and Behavior. June 2006, 50 (1): 52–60. PMID 16546183. S2CID 36201218. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.01.012. 
  3. ^ Harding SM, McGinnis MY. Microlesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: effects on sociosexual behaviors in male rats. Behavioral Neuroscience. October 2005, 119 (5): 1227–34. PMID 16300430. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1227. 
  4. ^ Kammel LG, Correa SM. Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex-specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology. January 2020, 32 (1): e12801. PMC 6982598  . PMID 31605642. doi:10.1111/jne.12801. 
  5. ^ Kow LM, Pfaff DW. Mapping of neural and signal transduction pathways for lordosis in the search for estrogen actions on the central nervous system. Behavioural Brain Research. May 1998, 92 (2): 169–80. PMID 9638959. S2CID 28276218. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(97)00189-7. 
  6. ^ Christensen LW, Nance DM, Gorski RA. Effects of hypothalamic and preoptic lesions on reproductive behavior in male rats. Brain Research Bulletin. 1977, 2 (2): 137–41. PMID 880486. S2CID 4700161. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(77)90010-7. 
  7. ^ Pfaff DW, Sakuma Y. Facilitation of the lordosis reflex of female rats from the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. The Journal of Physiology. March 1979, 288: 189–202. PMC 1281421  . PMID 469715. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012690. 
  8. ^ Matsumoto T, Yamanouchi K. Acceleration of mounting behaviors in female rats by ibotenic acid lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Neuroscience Letters. September 2000, 291 (3): 143–6. PMID 10984627. S2CID 10334038. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01388-4. 
  9. ^ Correa SM, Newstrom DW, Warne JP, Flandin P, Cheung CC, Lin-Moore AT, Pierce AA, Xu AW, Rubenstein JL, Ingraham HA. An Estrogen-Responsive Module in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Selectively Drives Sex-Specific Activity in Females. Cell Reports. January 2015, 10 (1): 62–74. PMC 4324838  . PMID 25543145. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.011  . 
  10. ^ van Veen JE, Kammel LG, Bunda PC, Shum M, Reid MS, Massa MG, Arneson D, Park JW, Zhang Z, Joseph AM, Hrncir H, Liesa M, Arnold AP, Yang X, Correa SM. Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha establishes a sexually dimorphic regulatory node of energy expenditure. Nature Metabolism. April 2020, 2 (4): 351–63. PMC 7202561  . PMID 32377634. doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0189-6. 
  11. ^ Gold RM. Hypothalamic obesity: the myth of the ventromedial nucleus. Science. November 1973, 182 (4111): 488–90. Bibcode:1973Sci...182..488G. PMID 4795550. S2CID 3011420. doi:10.1126/science.182.4111.488. 
  12. ^ Balagura S, Devenport LD. Feeding patterns of normal and ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned male and female rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. June 1970, 71 (3): 357–64. PMID 5480868. doi:10.1037/h0029118. 
  13. ^ Becker EE, Kissileff HR. Inhibitory controls of feeding by the ventromedial hypothalamus. The American Journal of Physiology. February 1974, 226 (2): 383–96. PMID 4811195. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.2.383. 
  14. ^ Berthoud HR, Jeanrenaud B. Changes of insulinemia, glycemia and feeding behavior induced by VMH-procainization in the rat. Brain Research. September 1979, 174 (1): 184–7. PMID 487120. S2CID 39015121. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90816-3. 
  15. ^ Brooks CM, Lockwood RA, Wiggins ML. A study of the effect of hypothalamic lesions on the eating habits of the albino rat. The American Journal of Physiology. December 1946, 147 (4): 735–41. PMID 20277066. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1946.147.4.735. 
  16. ^ Epstein AN. Reciprocal changes in feeding behavior produced by intrahypothalamic chemical injections. The American Journal of Physiology. December 1960, 199 (6): 969–74. PMID 13697000. doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.6.969  . 
  17. ^ Larkin RP. Effect of ventromedial hypothalamic procaine injections on feeding, lever pressing, and other behavior in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. November 1975, 89 (9): 1100–8. PMID 1202103. doi:10.1037/h0077192. 
  18. ^ Maes H. Time course of feeding induced by pentobarbital-injections into the rat's VMH. Physiology & Behavior. June 1980, 24 (6): 1107–14. PMID 7413790. S2CID 43051882. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90055-4. 
  19. ^ King BM. The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Physiology & Behavior. February 2006, 87 (2): 221–44. PMID 16412483. S2CID 40880350. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.007. 
  20. ^ Satoh N, Ogawa Y, Katsuura G, Tsuji T, Masuzaki H, Hiraoka J, Okazaki T, Tamaki M, Hayase M, Yoshimasa Y, Nishi S, Hosoda K, Nakao K. Pathophysiological significance of the obese gene product, leptin, in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats: evidence for loss of its satiety effect in VMH-lesioned rats. Endocrinology. March 1997, 138 (3): 947–54. PMID 9048594. doi:10.1210/endo.138.3.4989  . 
  21. ^ Hetherington AW, Ranson SW. The relation of various hypothalamic lesions to adiposity in the rat. (PDF). Journal of Comparative Neurology. June 1942, 76 (3): 475–99 [2023-02-03]. S2CID 85715802. doi:10.1002/cne.900760308. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-06-06）. 
  22. ^ Jamshidi N, Taylor DA. Anandamide administration into the ventromedial hypothalamus stimulates appetite in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology. November 2001, 134 (6): 1151–4. PMC 1573067  . PMID 11704633. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704379. 
  23. ^ Panksepp J, Siviy S, Normansell L. The psychobiology of play: theoretical and methodological perspectives. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 1984, 8 (4): 465–92. PMID 6392950. S2CID 26810046. doi:10.1016/0149-7634(84)90005-8. 
  24. ^ Kadiyala SB, Papandrea D, Tuz K, Anderson TM, Jayakumar S, Herron BJ, Ferland RJ. Spatiotemporal differences in the c-fos pathway between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice following flurothyl-induced seizures: A dissociation of hippocampal Fos from seizure activity. Epilepsy Research. January 2015, 109: 183–96. PMC 4272448  . PMID 25524858. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.009. 
  25. ^ Kadiyala SB, Ferland RJ. Dissociation of spontaneous seizures and brainstem seizure thresholds in mice exposed to eight flurothyl-induced generalized seizures. Epilepsia Open. March 2017, 2 (1): 48–58. PMC 5560332  . PMID 28825051. doi:10.1002/epi4.12031. 
  26. ^ Ferland RJ, Applegate CD. The role of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in epileptogenesis. NeuroReport. November 1998, 9 (16): 3623–9. PMID 9858370. S2CID 29713035. doi:10.1097/00001756-199811160-00013. 
  27. ^ Rieber, Inge; Sigusch, Volkmar. Psychosurgery on sex offenders and sexual ?deviants? in West Germany. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1979, 8 (6): 523–527. doi:10.1007/BF01541419. 

外部链接

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