兰尼弗雷夫

兰尼弗雷夫(Neferefre)古埃及第五王朝法老,大约在公元前25世纪间在位。现代学者认为他的在位时间只有一至三年。他是内弗尔卡拉Khentkaus II英语Khentkaus II的儿子,年幼继位,其母曾摄政。他在位时建造了一座太阳神庙和未完成的金字塔,在其墓发现的木乃伊显示他在20多岁时去世。他没有遗下后嗣,由其弟纽塞拉继承王位。

兰尼弗雷夫
兰尼弗雷夫像
古埃及法老
前任谢普塞斯卡拉
继任纽塞拉
父亲内弗尔卡拉
母亲Khentkaus II
葬于阿西尔

虽然一般意见认为兰尼弗雷夫继承谢普塞斯卡拉之王位,但有学者持相反意见。

参考文献

AFP. Tomb of previously unknown pharaonic queen found in Egypt. The Express Tribune. 4 January 2015 [4 January 2015]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-07). 
Altenmüller, Hartwig. Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty. Redford, Donald B. (编). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. 2001: 597–601. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5. 
Baker, Darrell. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC. Stacey International. 2008. ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9. 
Barta, Winfried. Die Chronologie der 1. bis 5. Dynastie nach den Angaben des rekonstruierten Annalensteins. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde (De Gruyter). 1981, 108 (1): 11–23. doi:10.1524/zaes.1981.108.1.11 (德语). 
Baud, Michel. Famille Royale et pouvoir sous l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Tome 1 (PDF). Bibliothèque d'étude 126/1. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. 1999a [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-2-7247-0250-7. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-29) (法语). 
Baud, Michel. Famille Royale et pouvoir sous l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Tome 2 (PDF). Bibliothèque d'étude 126/2. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. 1999b [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-2-7247-0250-7. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-04-02) (法语). 
Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs. Thames & Hudson. 1994. ISBN 978-0-500-05074-3. 
Czech expedition discovers the tomb of an ancient Egyptian unknown queen. Charles University website. 21 January 2015 [8 January 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-19). 
Daressy, Georges Émile Jules. Cylindre en bronze de l'ancien empire. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte. 1915, 15 (法语). 
Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2004. ISBN 978-0-500-05128-3. 
Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen. Abusir. Bard, Kathryn; Shubert, Stephen Blake (编). Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt. London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 97–99. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9. 
El-Shahawy, Abeer; Atiya, Farid. The Egyptian Museum in Cairo: a walk through the alleys of ancient Egypt. Cairo: Farid Atiya Press. 2005. ISBN 978-9-77-172183-3. 
Épron, Lucienne; Daumas, François; Goyon, Georges; Wild, Henri. Le Tombeau de Ti. Dessins et aquarelles de Lucienne Épron, François Daumas, Georges Goyon, Henri Wild. t. 65 1–3. Le Caire: Mémoires publiés par les membres de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire. 1939–1966. OCLC 504839326. 
Grimal, Nicolas. A History of Ancient Egypt. Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. 1992. ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8. 
Hawass, Zahi; Senussi, Ashraf. Old Kingdom Pottery from Giza. American University in Cairo Press. 2008. ISBN 978-977-305-986-6. 
Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David (编). Ancient Egyptian Chronology. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2012. ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5. ISSN 0169-9423. 
Kanawati, Naguib. Nikauisesi, A Reconsideration of the Old Kingdom System of Dating (PDF). The Rundle Foundation for Egyptian Archaeology, Newsletter. 2001, 75 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-21). 
Kaplony, Peter. Die Rollsiegel des Alten Reiches. Katalog der Rollsiegel II. Allgemeiner Teil mit Studien zum Köningtum des Alten Reichs II. Katalog der Rollsiegel A. Text B. Tafeln. Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Élisabeth. 1981. ISBN 978-0-583-00301-8 (德语). 
Krejčí, Jaromír; Arias Kytnarová, Katarína; Odler, Martin. Archaeological excavation of the mastaba of Queen Khentkaus III (Tomb AC 30) (PDF). Prague Egyptological Studies (Czech Institute of Archaeology). 2015, XV: 28–42 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-05). 
Lehner, Mark. pyramids (Old Kingdom), construction of. Bard, Kathryn; Shubert, Stephen Blake (编). Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt. London; New York: Routledge. 1999: 778–786. ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9. 
Lehner, Mark. The Complete Pyramids. New York: Thames & Hudson. 2008. ISBN 978-0-500-28547-3. 
Lehner, Mark. Shareholders: the Menkaure valley temple occupation in context. Der Manuelian, Peter; Schneider, Thomas (编). Towards a new history for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: perspectives on the pyramid age. Harvard Egyptological studies 1. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2015. ISBN 978-90-04-30189-4. 
Leprohon, Ronald J. The great name: ancient Egyptian royal titulary. Writings from the ancient world, no. 33. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. 2013. ISBN 978-1-58983-736-2. 
Málek, Jaromir. The Old Kingdom (c.2160–2055 BC). Shaw, Ian (编). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. 2000a. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3. 
Málek, Jaromir. Old Kingdom rulers as "local saints" in the Memphite area during the Old Kingdom. Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Prag: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. 2000b: 241–258. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0. 
Mariette, Auguste. La table de Saqqarah. Revue Archéologique (Paris: Didier). 1864, 10: 168–186 [2020-02-18]. OCLC 458108639. (原始内容存档于2020-10-28) (法语). 
Morales, Antonio J. Traces of official and popular veneration to Nyuserra Iny at Abusir. Late Fifth Dynasty to the Middle Kingdom. Bárta, Miroslav; Coppens, Filip; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005, Proceedings of the Conference held in Prague (June 27–July 5, 2005). Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. 2006: 311–341. ISBN 978-80-7308-116-4. 
Posener-Kriéger, Paule. Archives du temple funéraire de Néferirkarê-Kakaï (Les papyrus d'Abousir). Bibliothèque d'étude, t. 65/1–2. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale du Caire. 1976. OCLC 4515577 (法语). 
Rice, Michael. Who is who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge London & New York. 1999. ISBN 978-0-203-44328-6. 
Roth, Silke. Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie. Ägypten und Altes Testament 46. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 2001. ISBN 978-3-447-04368-7 (德语). 
Scheele-Schweitzer, Katrin. Zu den Königsnamen der 5. und 6. Dynastie. Göttinger Miszellen (Göttingen: Universität der Göttingen, Seminar für Agyptologie und Koptologie). 2007, 215: 91–94. ISSN 0344-385X (德语). 
Schmitz, Bettina. Untersuchungen zum Titel s3-njśwt "Königssohn". Habelts Dissertationsdrucke: Reihe Ägyptologie 2. Bonn: Habelt. 1976. ISBN 978-3-7749-1370-7 (德语). 
Schneider, Thomas. Lexikon der Pharaonen. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag. 1996. ISBN 978-3-42-303365-7 (德语). 
Sourouzian, Hourig. Die Bilderwelt des Alten Reiches. Brinkmann, Vinzenz (编). Sahure. Tod und Leben eines großen Pharao. München: Hirmer. 2010. ISBN 978-3-7774-2861-1 (德语). 
Strouhal, Eugen; Vyhnánek, Luboš. The remains of king Neferefra found in his pyramid at Abusir. Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Prag: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. 2000: 551–560. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0. 
Strudwick, Nigel. The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom: The Highest Titles and Their Holders (PDF). Studies in Egyptology. London; Boston: Kegan Paul International. 1985 [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-0-7103-0107-9. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-03). 
Strudwick, Nigel C. Texts from the Pyramid Age. Writings from the Ancient World (book 16). Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. 2005. ISBN 978-1-58983-680-8. 
Tomb of queen Khentakawess III discovered in Egypt. Conservation and Archaeology. 2016 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-18). 
Verner, Miroslav. Die Königsmutter Chentkaus von Abusir und einige Bemerkungen zur Geschichte der 5. Dynastie. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur. 1980, 8: 243–268. JSTOR 25150079 (德语). 
Verner, Miroslav. Un roi de la Ve dynastie. Rêneferef ou Rênefer ?. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. 1985a, 85: 281–284 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-09) (法语). 
Verner, Miroslav. Les sculptures de Rêneferef découvertes à Abousir. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. 1985b, 85: 267–280 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-15) (法语). 
Verner, Miroslav. Remarques sur le temple solaire ḤTP-Rˁ et la date du mastaba de Ti. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. 1987, 87: 293–297 (法语). 
Verner, Miroslav; Zemina, Milan. Forgotten pharaohs, lost pyramids: Abusir (PDF). Praha: Academia Škodaexport. 1994 [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-80-200-0022-4. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-02-01). 
Verner, Miroslav; Posener-Kriéger, Paule; Jánosi, Peter. Abusir III : the pyramid complex of Khentkaus. Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology. Praha: Universitas Carolina Pragensis: Academia. 1995. ISBN 978-80-200-0535-9. 
Verner, Miroslav. Excavations at Abusir Preliminary Report 1997/8. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. 1999a, 126: 70–77. doi:10.1524/zaes.1999.126.1.70. 
Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. Grove/Atlantic. 1999b. ISBN 978-0-80-219863-1. 
Verner, Miroslav. Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign? (PDF). Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (编). Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. 2000: 581–602 [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-80-85425-39-0. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-02-01).  |url-status=|dead-url=只需其一 (帮助)
Verner, Miroslav. Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology (PDF). Archiv Orientální. 2001a, 69 (3): 363–418 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04). 
Verner, Miroslav. Old Kingdom: An Overview. Redford, Donald B. (编). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. 2001b: 585–591. ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5. 
Verner, Miroslav; Callender, Vivienne; Strouhal, Evžen. Abusir VI: Djedkare's family cemetery (PDF). Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University. 2002 [2020-02-18]. ISBN 978-80-86277-22-6. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-04-07).  |url-status=|dead-url=只需其一 (帮助)
Verner, Miroslav. The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. Grove Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8021-3935-1. 
Verner, Miroslav. Abusir: The Realm of Osiris. The American University in Cairo Press. 2003. ISBN 978-977-424-723-1. 
Verner, Miroslav; Bárta, Miroslav. Abusir IX: the pyramid complex of Raneferef. The archaeology.. Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology. 2006. ISBN 978-8-02-001357-6. 
Verner, Miroslav. Several considerations concerning the Old Kingdom royal palace (ˁḥ) (PDF). Anthropologie, International Journal of Human Diversity and Evolution. 2010, XLVIII (2): 91–96 [2020-02-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-24). 
Verner, Miroslav. Sons of the Sun. Rise and decline of the Fifth Dynasty. Prague: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts. 2014. ISBN 978-80-7308-541-4. 
von Beckerath, Jürgen. Burkard, Günter; Kessler, Dieter , 编. Die Zeitbestimmung der Ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr. 46. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien. 1997. ISBN 978-3805323109 (德语). 
von Beckerath, Jürgen. Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern. 1999. ISBN 978-3-8053-2591-2 (德语). 
von Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm; Borchardt, Ludwig; Kees, Hermann. Das Re-Heiligtum des Königs Ne-Woser-Re (Rathures). 1905. OCLC 152524509 (德语). 
Waddell, William Gillan. Manetho. Loeb classical library, 350. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann. 1971. OCLC 6246102. 
4500 years old tomb of unknown Ancient Egyptian Queen discovered. Luxor Times. 4 January 2015 [8 January 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-21). 

外部链接

前任:
谢普塞斯卡拉(有异说)
埃及法老
第五王朝
继任:
纽塞拉(有异说)