专著

专著（monograph，又译专题著作^[1]）指专家之文字作品（与参考书相对）^[2]，或对单一学科或某领域的某专门课题，进行较为集中论述的专门著作。专著一般由单一作者（或艺术家）完成，并且通常是用于探讨学术内容，对特定问题进行详细、系统考察或研究，属于专业主题内容的图书。

在图书馆分类中，“专著”一词用于与定期刊物（如杂志、学术期刊及报纸）相对，故有更加广泛的含义。并非以序列方式出版的单卷书或有限卷的书都可称为专著^[3]；在此语境下，小说也可称为专著。

与专著近似的词汇是“论著（英语：Treatise）”（treatise），指带有研究性或议论性的著作。

学术专著

英语单词 monograph 来源于拉丁语 monographia，而后者又源于希腊语^[4]。英文中，"mono-" 指“单一”，而 "-graph" 指“著作”^[5]。学术专著的主要目的是向有需要的读者可靠地展示研究内容，这使之与课本不同，后者的主要目的是论述某个领域的知识状况。因此，在许多学术领域，出版专著通常被认为对职业发展至关重要。专供其他研究人员使用，并且主要是由图书馆购买的，故其通常以短册形式单独出版^[6]。

在英国和美国，出版者通常都假定，学术专著的读者不仅具有专门知识或丰富经验，而且还要对此著作的主体有专业上的兴趣。但具体用于区分学术专著及贸易著作（英语：Trade magazine）的标准，则依出版社而异^[7]。

生物学

在生物分类学中，专著指对某个分类阶元进行全面描述的著作。专著通常回顾一组已知物种，并且在其中加入新发现的相关物种，并收集和综合有关该组物种的生态联系、地理分布和形态变异的可用信息。

生物分类学中的第一部专著为罗伯特·莫里森（英语：Robert Morison）在1627年写成的 Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova^{[注 1]}，莫里森在其中讨论了伞形科植物^[8]。

艺术家专著

以“艺术家专著”^{[注 2]}为名出版的书籍是对单一艺术家的研究，而非对艺术学科广泛的综述。

参见

汇编（英语：Compendium）^{[注 3]}
学问论文集（英语：Compilation thesis）
Documentation（英语：Documentation），或译“说明书”。Documentation 与使用手册的差异在于，对产品的描述不局限于指示，而包含来自不同方面的资料。
Treatise（英语：Treatise）
Essay (学术)（英语：Essay）

注释

^ 原文为拉丁文，大意为“伞形科植物的新分布”
^ 原文："artist monograph"
^ 翻译之来源^[9]

参考资料

^ 张柏然, 等. monograph. 新时代英汉大词典. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2004.
^ Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian. Academic and Professional Publishing. 2012 [2021-02-06]. ISBN 978-1-78063-309-1. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. '[M]onograph' has become a generic term for a book that is not of a reference type, is of primary material and which may be multi-authored, single-authored, or an edited collection.
^ Harrod, Leonard Montague. Prytherch, Raymond John , 编. Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book: a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management 10th. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2005: 462 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03） –通过Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. For the purpose of library cataloging, any nonserial publication, complete in one volume or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts issued at regular or irregular intervals, containing a single work or collection of works. Monographs are sometimes published in monographic series and subseries. Compare with book.
^ The explanation of 'monograph' and 'monogram' in Oxford Advanced Leaners' Dictionary (8th Ed.)
^ The explanation of "monograph" in Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-14）.
^ Williams, Peter; Stevenson, Iain; Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian. The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research. ASLIB Proceedings. 2009, 61: 67–82. doi:10.1108/00012530910932294.
^ Thompson, John B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States . Cambridge: Polity Press. 2005: 84–85. ISBN 978-0745634784 –通过Internet Archive.
^ Vines, Sydney Howard. Robert Morison (1620–1683) and John Ray (1627–1705). Oliver, Francis Wall (编). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press. 1913: 22 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-01） –通过Wikisource.
^ 劍橋雙語詞典對 "compendium" 的解釋. [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.

[8] 原文为拉丁文，大意为“伞形科植物的新分布”

[10] 原文："artist monograph"

[12] 翻译之来源^[9]

[1] 张柏然, 等. monograph. 新时代英汉大词典. 北京: 商务印书馆. 2004.

[2] Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian. Academic and Professional Publishing. 2012 [2021-02-06]. ISBN 978-1-78063-309-1. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）. '[M]onograph' has become a generic term for a book that is not of a reference type, is of primary material and which may be multi-authored, single-authored, or an edited collection.

[3] Harrod, Leonard Montague. Prytherch, Raymond John , 编. Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book: a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management 10th. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2005: 462 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03） –通过Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. For the purpose of library cataloging, any nonserial publication, complete in one volume or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts issued at regular or irregular intervals, containing a single work or collection of works. Monographs are sometimes published in monographic series and subseries. Compare with book.

[4] The explanation of 'monograph' and 'monogram' in Oxford Advanced Leaners' Dictionary (8th Ed.)

[5] The explanation of "monograph" in Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 February 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-14）.

[6] Williams, Peter; Stevenson, Iain; Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian. The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research. ASLIB Proceedings. 2009, 61: 67–82. doi:10.1108/00012530910932294.

[7] Thompson, John B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States . Cambridge: Polity Press. 2005: 84–85. ISBN 978-0745634784 –通过Internet Archive.

[Vines_1913-9] Vines, Sydney Howard. Robert Morison (1620–1683) and John Ray (1627–1705). Oliver, Francis Wall (编). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press. 1913: 22 [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-01） –通过Wikisource.

[11] 劍橋雙語詞典對 "compendium" 的解釋. [2021-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-04）.

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