小头蛇属
游蛇科的一属爬行动物
小头蛇属（学名：Oligodon）是蛇亚目游蛇科下的一个蛇属，主要分布于亚洲南亚、东南亚等地区。
小头蛇属
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| 锚斑小头蛇 Oligodon affinis | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | 有鳞目 Squamata |
| 亚目： | 蛇亚目 Serpentes |
| 科： | 游蛇科 Colubridae |
| 亚科： | 黄颔蛇亚科 Colubrinae |
| 属： | 小头蛇属 Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 |
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1826年，奥地利动物学家利奥波德·费卿格根据德国动物学家海因里希·博伊厄未发表的手稿建立了小头蛇属，该属是游蛇科内所辖物种最多的属之一，目前已被描述80余种。小头蛇的上颌骨齿扁平而宽大，后缘具有独特的反曲形锋利刃面，类似廓尔喀战士所持的弯刀，故其英文名为“Kukri snake”。拥有这种锋利的弯刀状牙齿，小头蛇在取食较大的爬行动物的卵时，可以切破蛋壳，从中吸取蛋液；在捕猎体型较大无法吞食的两栖动物时，该属的一些成员会切开两栖动物的腹部，取食其内脏。[1]
分类
截止2022年6月4日，根据reptile-database中的数据，本属包含88种：[2]
- 锚斑小头蛇 Oligodon affinis Günther, 1862
- 喜山小头蛇 Oligodon albocinctus (Cantor, 1839)
- 北部小头蛇 Oligodon ancorus (Girard, 1858)
- 安南小头蛇 Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953[3]
- 环纹小头蛇 Oligodon annulifer (Boulenger, 1893)
- 沙地小头蛇 Oligodon arenarius Vassilieva, 2015[4]
- 人斑小头蛇 Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802)
- 泰国小头蛇 Oligodon barroni (Smith, 1916)
- 爪哇小头蛇 Oligodon bitorquatus Boie, 1827
- 双线小头蛇 Oligodon bivirgatus Qian, Qi, Shi, Lu, Jenkins, Mo & Li, 2021
- 武烈小头蛇 Oligodon booliati Leong & Grismer, 2004
- 短头小头蛇 Oligodon brevicauda Günther, 1862
- 芦杆小头蛇 Oligodon calamarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 菱斑小头蛇 Oligodon catenata (Blyth, 1854)
- 吉仙小头蛇 Oligodon cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Devender & Böhme, 2013[5]
- 中国小头蛇 Oligodon chinensis (Günther, 1888)
- 朱拉小头蛇 Oligodon churahensis Mirza, Bhardwaj & Patel, 2021[6]
- 紫棕小头蛇 Oligodon cinereus (Günther, 1864)
- 昆岛小头蛇 Oligodon condaoensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Le & Murphy, 2016[7]
- 血色小头蛇 Oligodon cruentatus (Günther, 1868)
- 占婆岛小头蛇 Oligodon culaochamensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Phan, Jiang & Murphy, 2017[8]
- 管状小头蛇 Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor, 1839)
- 杜夫小头蛇 Oligodon deuvei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 脊纹小头蛇 Oligodon dorsalis (Gray, 1834)
- 菱斑小头蛇 Oligodon eberhardti Pellegrin, 1910
- 赤腹小头蛇 Oligodon erythrogaster Boulenger, 1907
- 红脊小头蛇 Oligodon erythrorhachis Wall, 1910
- 埃氏小头蛇 Oligodon everetti Boulenger, 1893
- 束纹小头蛇 Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther, 1864)
- 福布斯小头蛇 Oligodon forbesi (Boulenger, 1883)
- 台湾小头蛇 Oligodon formosanus (Günther, 1872)
- 条纹小头蛇 Oligodon hamptoni Boulenger, 1918
- 华欣小头蛇 Oligodon huahin Pauwels, Larsen, Suthanthangjai, David & Sumontha, 2017[9]
- 素色小头蛇 Oligodon inornatus (Boulenger, 1914)
- 金氏小头蛇 Oligodon jintakunei Pauwels, Wallach, David & Chanhome, 2002
- 黑网小头蛇 Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917)
- 大吉岭小头蛇 Oligodon juglandifer (Wall, 1909)
- 柬埔寨小头蛇 Oligodon kampucheaensis Neang, Grismer & Daltry, 2012
- 珊瑚红小头蛇 Oligodon kheriensis Acharji & Ray, 1936
- 圆斑小头蛇 Oligodon lacroixi Angel & Bourret, 1933
- 墨脱小头蛇 Oligodon lipipengi Jiang, Wang, Li, Ding, Ding & Che, 2020
- 龙胜小头蛇 Oligodon lungshenensis Zheng & Huang, 1978
- 长尾小头蛇 Oligodon macrurus (Angel, 1927)
- 斑点小头蛇 Oligodon maculatus (Taylor, 1918)
- 棕脊小头蛇 Oligodon mcdougalli Wall, 1905
- 棕黑小头蛇 Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909 [10]
- 黑带小头蛇 Oligodon melanozonatus Wall, 1922
- 梅氏小头蛇 Oligodon meyerinkii (Steindachner, 1891)
- 吕宋小头蛇 Oligodon modestus Günther, 1864
- 莫里斯小头蛇 Oligodon moricei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 莫氏小头蛇 Oligodon mouhoti (Boulenger, 1914)
- 方斑小头蛇 Oligodon nagao David, Nguyen, Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynié & Ziegler, 2012
- 尼基氏小头蛇 Oligodon nikhili Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982
- 巴拉望小头蛇 Oligodon notospilus Günther, 1873
- 眼斑小头蛇 Oligodon ocellatus (Morice, 1875)
- 八线小头蛇 Oligodon octolineatus (Schneider, 1801)
- 饰纹小头蛇 Oligodon ornatus Van Denburgh, 1909
- 珀氏小头蛇 Oligodon perkinsi (Taylor, 1925)
- 温柔小头蛇 Oligodon petronellae Roux, 1917
- 帕岸小头蛇 Oligodon phangan Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021
- 平顶小头蛇 Oligodon planiceps (Boulenger, 1888)
- 韦岛小头蛇 Oligodon praefrontalis Werner, 1913
- 素叻他尼小头蛇 Oligodon promsombuti Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021
- 邻家小头蛇 Oligodon propinquus Jan, 1862
- 拟山斑小头蛇 Oligodon pseudotaeniatus David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 巴东小头蛇 Oligodon pulcherrimus Werner, 1909
- 紫斑小头蛇 Oligodon purpurascens (Schlegel, 1837)
- 长吻小头蛇 Oligodon rostralis Nguyen, Tran, Nguyen, Neang, Yushenko & Poyarkov, 2020
- Oligodon russelius
- 圣吉伦斯小头蛇 Oligodon saintgironsi Oligodon saintgironsi David, Vogel & Pauwels, 2008
- 赛育小头蛇 Oligodon saiyok Sumontha, Kunya, Dangsri & Pauwels, 2017[11]
- 箭斑小头蛇 Oligodon signatus (Günther, 1864)，基异名为Simotes signatus Günther, 1864
- Oligodon speleoserpens Pawangkhanant, Poyarkov, Ward-Smith, Grassby-Lewis, Sumontha, Kliukin, Idiiatullina, Trofimets, Suwannapoom & Lee, 2024[12]
- 丽纹小头蛇 Oligodon splendidus (Günther, 1875)，基异名为 Simotes splendidus Günther, 1875
- 腹链小头蛇 Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854[13]
- 山斑小头蛇 Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861)
- 斯里兰卡小头蛇 Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853)
- Oligodon teyniei David, Hauser & Vogel, 2022[14]
- 缅甸小头蛇 Oligodon theobaldi (Günther, 1868)
- 库尔杜瓦迪小头蛇 Oligodon tillacki Bandara, Ganesh, Kanishka, Danushka, Sharma, Campbell, Ineich, Vogel & Amarasinghe, 2022[15]
- Oligodon tolaki [16]
- 颈斑小头蛇 Oligodon torquatus (Boulenger, 1888)
- 特拉凡哥尔小头蛇 Oligodon travancoricus Beddome, 1877
- 三线小头蛇 Oligodon trilineatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
- Oligodon tuani Nguyen, Le, Vo & Murphy, 2022
- 单色小头蛇 Oligodon unicolor (Kopstein, 1926)
- 神女小头蛇 Oligodon venustus (Jerdon, 1853)
- 黑脊小头蛇 Oligodon vertebralis Günther, 1865
- 布氏小头蛇 Oligodon waandersi (Bleeker, 1860)
- 瓦氏小头蛇 Oligodon wagneri David & Vogel, 2012
- 黄纹小头蛇 Oligodon woodmasoni (Sclater, 1891)
参考文献
- ^ 钱天宇. 海南岛发现小头蛇属一新种. 中国两栖类. [2022-06-04].
- ^ Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的 Oligodon
- ^ Justin L. Lee. 2022. First Record of the Annam Kukri Snake Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 (Squamata: Colubridae) From Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 22(1); 100-107. li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TNH/article/view/257277
- ^ Vassilieva, Anna B. 2015. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Coastal Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4058(2): 211–226. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.4
- ^ Vassilieva, Anna B., Peter Geissler, Eduard A. Galoyan, Nikolay A. J. Poyarkov, Robert W. V. Devender and Wolfgang Böhme. 2013. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826; Squamata: Colubridae) from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 3702(3): 233-246. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.2
- ^ Zeeshan A. Mirza, Virender Kumar Bhardwaj and Harshil Patel. 2021. A New Species of Snake of the Genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas. Evolutionary Systematics. 5(2): 335-345. DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.72564
- ^ Sang N. Nguyen, Vu D. H. Nguyen, Son H. Le and Robert W. Murphy. 2016. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from Con Dao Islands, southern Vietnam. 4139(2); 261–273. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.9
- ^ Sang Ngoc Nguyen, Luan Thanh Nguyen, Vu Dang Hoang Nguyen, Hoa Thi Phan, Ke Jiang and Robert W Murphy. 2017. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Cu Lao Cham Islands, central Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4286(3); 333-346. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.2
- ^ Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Henning Larsen, Winai Suthanthangjai, Patrick David and Montri Sumontha. 2017. A New Kukri Snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the First record of O. deuvei from Thailand. Zootaxa. 4291(3); 531–548. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.6
- ^ Abhijit Das, David J. Gower, Surya Narayanan, Saunak Pal, Bitupan Boruah, Sanjay Magar, Sanjib Das, Soumabrata Moulick and V. Deepak. 2022. Rediscovery and Systematics of the rarely encountered Blue-bellied Kukri Snake (Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909) from Assam, India. Zootaxa. 5138(4); 417-430. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.4
- ^ Montri Sumontha, Kirati Kunya, Siriwat Dangsri and Olivier S. G. Pauwels. 2017. Oligodon saiyok, A New Limestone-dwelling Kukri Snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zootaxa. 4294(3); 316–328. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.2
- ^ Parinya Pawangkhanant, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Harry Ward-Smith, Rupert Grassby-Lewis, Montri Sumontha, Nikita S. Kliukin, Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Alexei V. Trofimets, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom and Justin L. Lee. 2024. A New Species of Karst-associated Kukri Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from southern Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology. 74: 359-379. DOI: 10.3897/vz.74.e112132
- ^ AA Thasun Amarasinghe, D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna, Patrick D. Campbell and Ivan Ineich. 2015. Systematics and Ecology of Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, An Endemic Snake of Sri Lanka, including the Designation of A Lectotype. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 91(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.3897/zse.91.4971
- ^ Patrick David, Sjon Hauser and Gernot Vogel. 2022. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia: Colubridae) from southern Laos. TAPROBANICA. 11(1); 12–24. DOI: 10.47605/tapro.v11i1.273
- ^ Sanjaya K. Bandara; S.R. Ganesh; A. Suneth Kanishka; A. Dineth Danushka; Vivek R. Sharma; Patrick D. Campbell; Ivan Ineich; Gernot Vogel and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2022. Taxonomic Composition of the Oligodon arnensis (Shaw 1802) Species Complex (Squamata: Colubridae) with the Description of A New Species from India. Herpetologica. DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00026
- ^ Amarasinghe, Sujan M.Henkanaththegedara, Patrick D.Campbell, Awal Riyanto, Jakob Hallermann & Gernot Vogel, 2021