维基百科

帕金森综合征

“帕金森综合症”重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见“帕金森氏症”。

帕金森综合征（Parkinsonism）是和运动机能相关的临床综合征，其特征是颤抖、运动功能减退、僵硬（英语：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障碍[1][2]。在帕金森氏症（PD）患者身上会有类似症状（此综合征因此而得名），而路易氏体痴呆（DLB）、帕金森病性痴呆（英语：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也会有此症状。这类综合征的病因范围很广，包括神经退化障碍疾病、药物、毒素、代谢疾病，或是帕金森氏症以外的神经性疾病[3]。

帕金森综合征
Parkinsonism
病因
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

病因

药物引起

有帕金森综合征的人当中，约有7%是因为药物的副作用而造成的，主要是因为抗精神病药，特别是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻吨（英语：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻吨（英语：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英语：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶尔也有因为抗忧郁药物而造成。药物引起帕金森综合征的盛行率会随年龄而上升。药物引起的帕金森综合征一但出现，多半会维持原有的程度，不像帕金森氏症会渐渐恶化[4]。

毒素

有发现杀虫剂或除草剂暴露程度和帕金森氏症之间的关联性。若暴露在百草枯或锰乃浦（英语：Maneb）/锌锰乃浦（英语：Mancozeb）下，风险是原来的两倍[5]。

已证实慢性锰（Mn）暴露会造成类似帕金森综合征的疾病，其特征是运动障碍，此症状无法用典型的帕金森症治疗方式（英语：Management of Parkinson's disease）来治疗，因此推测除了典型黑质内多巴胺能损失外，包括有其他的致病途径[6]。锰会在基底核内累积，因此造成运动障碍[7]有一种和SLC30A10基因（锰外流转运蛋白，减少细胞内锰所必需的蛋白）有关的变异和这种类似帕金森综合征疾病有关[8]。在这疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易体（英语：Lewy body）[7]。

诊断

许多疾病会造成帕金森综合征。

神经退化障碍及帕金森附加综合征（英语：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
药物引发（伪帕金森综合征）
感染
毒素
创伤
血管的
其他

原发性震颤

根据2018年的回顾性研究，还不确定帕金森综合征和原发性震颤（英语：essential tremor）是否有关[30]。

参考资料

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外部链接

检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=帕金森症候群&oldid=84198136”