战士
战士是专门以从事战斗为业的人,包括军人和佣兵等。[1][2]除了是一种角色或职业,在某些社会中也是阶级或种性。在国家形成之前的社会就已经有战士存在。在文明社会里,由于战士的生活完全是靠非战士的劳动来维持,因而前者的数量从来也就不可能超过后者所能负担的数量,不能超过后者在维持适合于他们自身身份的生活以及他们必须负担的行政和司法官吏的生活的费用之后所能负担的数量。
战士社群
- 阿肯哲轻骑兵[3]
- Al-Haras
- 罗马禁卫军
- 阿玛宗人
- Armatoloi[4]
- 足轻[5]
- 巴达维人
- 狂战士[6]
- 博加特耶尔[7]
- 波雅尔[8]
- 迦太基圣团[9]
- 底比斯圣队
- Cheyenne[10]
- Comitatus
- 雇佣兵队长[11]
- 哥萨克[12]
- 十字军[13]
- Curetes[14]
- 达契亚人
- Dog soldier[15]
- 德鲁日纳
- 雕战士
- 八旗
- Eso Ikoyi
- Gabiniani
- 加齐[16]
- Garhwali
- 角斗士
- 廓尔喀人
- 黑盗客[17]
- Harii
- 阿萨辛派[18]
- Hersir[19]
- 黑森佣兵
- 赫鲁利人
- 苏格兰高地人[20]
- Hippeis[21]
- Hird
- 古希腊重装步兵[22]
- 医院骑士团骑士[13]
- Housecarl
- Hulubalang[23]
- 匈人
- 喜克索斯人
- 花郎[24]
- 波斯长生军[25]
- Impi
- 美洲豹战士[26]
- 耶尼切里[27]
- 锦衣卫
- Karaiyar[28]
- Karava [29]
- 加喜特人
- Khalsa[30]
- 怯薛[31]
- 钦察[32]
- Klephts[4]
- 骑士[33][34][35]
- 圣殿骑士团骑士
- 刹帝利[36]
- 切特里[37]
- Leidang
- 马加比家族[38]
- 古马其顿人
- 马哈里卡
- Mangudai[39]
- 马穆鲁克[40]
- 马拉瓦尔族[41]
- 马拉地人
- Maryannu
- 毛利人[42]
- 蒙古人
- Morlachs
- 摩洛人
- Medjay
- Meenas
- Mesedi
- 敏罕[43]
- Mukkuvar [44]
- 奈尔[45]
- 忍者[46]
- 诺曼人
- Numerus Batavorum
- 奥普提马顿军区
- 拉杰普特人[47]
- 红灯照
- Reddy[48]
- Ror[49]
- 罗斯人
- 武士[50]
- Scordisci[51]
- 斯基泰人
- 塞米诺尔人
- Sengunthar[52]
- 少林[53]
- 盾女[54]
- 苏族
- 西帕希[55]
- 日本僧兵[56]
- 近身护卫官
- 斯巴达人[57]
- 提马威
- 条顿骑士s[13]
- Thingmen
- Triballi[58]
- Uskoks[59]
- Vanniar (Chieftain)[60]
- 瓦兰吉卫队
- Velir[61]
- Voynuks[62]
- 维京人[63]
- 白莲教
参考
- ^ 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本. [2018-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-21).
- ^ Warrior | Definition of Warrior by Merriam-Webster. [2018-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-27).
- ^ Bruno Mugnai; Christopher Flaherty. Der Lange Türkenkrieg (1593-1606): The long Turkish War. Soldiershop. 23 September 2014: 47. ISBN 978-88-96519-91-2.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Nicholas Charles Pappas. Greeks in Russian military service in the late eighteen and early nineteenth centuries. Stanford University. 1982: 99 [2020-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-28).
- ^ Craig, Matthew. Ashigaru - Samurai Combat in the Age of the Country at War. Junkhouse. : 48 [3 February 2018]. ISBN 9781300185680. (原始内容存档于2022-04-27).
- ^ Johnson, E. Patrick; Riviera, Ramon H. Blacktino Queer Performance. Duke University Press. 2016-05-19. ISBN 9780822374657.
- ^ Emerson, Caryl. The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Literature. Cambridge University Press. 2008: 71. ISBN 9781139471688.
- ^ Crummy, Robert. Aristocrats and Servitors: The Boyar Elite in Russia, 1613-1689. Princeton University Press. 2014: 12. ISBN 9781400853694.
- ^ Head, Duncan "Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars 359 BC to 146 BC" (1982), p140.
- ^ Tucker, Phillip. Death at the Little Bighorn: A New Look at Custer, His Tactics, and the Tragic Decisions Made at the Last Stand. Skyhorse Publishing. 2017: Chapter 2 [3 February 2018]. ISBN 9781634508063.
- ^ Lenman, B., Anderson, T. Chambers Dictionary of World History, p. 200
- ^ Coker, Christopher. The Warrior Ethos: Military Culture and the War on Terror. Routledge. 2007. ISBN 9781134096350.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Grant, R.G. Warrior: A Visual History of the Fighting Man. Penguin. 2007-09-17: 78. ISBN 9780756644031.
- ^ Preston, Claire. Bee. Reaktion Books. 2006: 118 [3 February 2018]. ISBN 9781861892560.
- ^ Hoig, Stan. The Peace Chiefs of the Cheyennes . University of Oklahoma Press. Jul 31, 1990: 85 [3 February 2018]. ISBN 9780806122625.
Dog soldier warrior.
- ^ Sohail H. Hashmi. Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges. Oxford University Press, USA. 3 July 2012: 196. ISBN 978-0-19-975503-5.
- ^ Suraiya Faroqhi. An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 28 April 1997: 437–438 [2020-09-23]. ISBN 978-0-521-57455-6. (原始内容存档于2017-03-03).
- ^ Kumar, Ram. Martyred but Not Tamed: The Politics of Resistance in the Middle East. SAGE Publishing India. 2012. ISBN 9788132117254.
- ^ Chartrand, Rene; Durham, Keith; Harrison, Mark; Heath, Ian. The Vikings. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2016: 43 [3 February 2018]. ISBN 9781472813220.
- ^ L. Alcock. Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 2003: 56. ISBN 0-903903-24-5.
- ^ Marinatos, Nanno. My library My History Books on Google Play Goddess and the Warrior: The Naked Goddess and Mistress of the Animals in Early Greek Religion. Routledge. 2002: 2–82. ISBN 1134601476.
- ^ Neer, Richard T. Greek art and archaeology : a new history, c. 2500-c. 150 BCE. New York. 2012: 95. ISBN 9780500288771. OCLC 745332893.
- ^ A. Samad Ahmad. Sulalatus Salatin (Sejarah Melayu). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1979: 44–45. ISBN 983-62-5601-6.
- ^ Rutt, p. 22
- ^ Hicks, Jim. The Persians . Time-Life Books. 1975.
- ^ Sánchez-Murillo, R. (2012). La palabra universal. Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo. Retrieved September 5, 2012, from link 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2013-10-29..
- ^ Cleveland, Bunton, William, Martin. A History of the Modern Middle East. Westview Press. 2013: 43. ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9.
- ^ Das, Sonia N. Linguistic Rivalries: Tamil Migrants and Anglo-Franco Conflicts. Oxford University Press. 2016. ISBN 9780190461782 (英语).
- ^ Pārati, Paktavatcala. Coromandel fishermen: an ethnography of Paṭṭaṇavar subcaste. Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture. 1999: 9. ISBN 9788185452098 (英语).
- ^ Purnima Dhavan. When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press, USA. 3 November 2011: 3– [2020-09-23]. ISBN 978-0-19-975655-1. (原始内容存档于2017-03-03).
- ^ David Christian A history of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia, p.396
- ^ Timothy May. The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 7 November 2016: 221 [2020-09-23]. ISBN 978-1-61069-340-0. (原始内容存档于2020-08-04).
- ^ D'A. J. D. Boulton, "Classic Knighthood as Nobiliary Dignity", in Stephen Church, Ruth Harvey (ed.), Medieval knighthood V: papers from the sixth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994, Boydell & Brewer, 1995, pp. 41–100.
- ^ Frank Anthony Carl Mantello, A. G. Rigg, Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide, UA Press, 1996, p. 448.
- ^ Charlton Thomas Lewis, An elementary Latin dictionary, Harper & Brothers, 1899, p. 505.
- ^ Fowler, Hinduism (1997),第19–20页.
- ^ Adhikari, Indra. Military and Democracy in Nepal. Routledge. 2015-06-12 [2020-09-23]. ISBN 9781317589068. (原始内容存档于2022-05-31).
- ^ Cohn, Marc. The Mathematics of the Calendar. 2007: 60. ISBN 978-1430324966.
- ^ Chambers, James. The Devil's Horsemen: The Mongol Invasion of Europe. Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books. 2003. ISBN 978-0-7858-1567-9.
- ^ Christopher Tyerman. God's War: A New History of the Crusades. Penguin Books Limited. 2007: 156. ISBN 978-0-14-190431-3.
- ^ Hardgrave, Robert L. The Nadars of Tamilnad . University of California Press. 1969: 279 (英语).
maravar.
- ^ Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000. census.gov. US Census Bureau. [2020-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-23).
- ^ Lusted, Marcia Amidon (2017). Genghis Khan and the Building of the Mongol Empire. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 32. ISBN 9781499463521.
- ^ McGilvray, Dennis B. Tamils and Moors: caste and matriclan structure in eastern Sri Lanka. University of Chicago. 1974: 95 (英语).
- ^ Fisher, Michael. Visions of Mughal India: An Anthology of European Travel Writing. I.B Taurus and Co. 2007: 26. ISBN 978-1-84511-354-4.
- ^ Ratti & Westbrook 1991,第325页
- ^ Mazumder, Rajit K. The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab. : 99, 105.
- ^ Bayly, Susan. Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900. Cambridge University Press. 2004-04-22: 25. ISBN 9780521891035 (英语).
- ^ Shome, Ayan. Dialogue & Daggers:Notion of Authority and Legitimacy in the Early Delhi Sultanate 1192 C.E.-1316 C.E.. November 2014: 167 [2020-09-23]. ISBN 9789384318468. (原始内容存档于2022-04-27).
- ^ "Samurai (Japanese warrior) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Marjeta Šašel Kos. Appian and Illyricum. Narodni Muzej Slovenije. 2005: 144. ISBN 978-961-6169-36-3.
- ^ Mines, Mattison. The Warrior Merchants: Textiles, Trade and Territory in South India. Cambridge University Press. 1984: 13. ISBN 9780521267144 (英语).
- ^ Chlumsky, Nathan. Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia. 2015-05-06: 19. ISBN 9781329119420.
- ^ The article Sköldmö (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) in Nordisk familjebok (1917).
- ^ Hans Delbrück. Medieval Warfare: History of the Art of War. University of Nebraska Press. 1990: 474. ISBN 978-0-8032-6585-1.
- ^ Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
- ^ Harley, T. Rutherford. The Public School of Sparta, Greece & Rome, Vol. 3, No. 9 (May 1934) pp. 129-139.).
- ^ Edgar Sanderson; John Porter Lamberton; Charles Morris. Six Thousand Years of History: Famous warriors. T. Nolan. 1909: 6.
- ^ Suraiya Faroqhi. Travel and Artisans in the Ottoman Empire: Employment and Mobility in the Early Modern Era. I.B.Tauris. 30 January 2014: 11. ISBN 978-1-78076-481-8.
- ^ Holt, John. The Sri Lanka Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. 2011-04-13: 86. ISBN 9780822349822 (英语).
- ^ Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes. Het Spinhuis. 1994: 165. ISBN 9789055890071 (英语).
- ^ Historical Abstracts: Modern history abstracts, 1450-1914. American Bibliographical Center, CLIO. 1985: 644.
- ^ Karl Bihlmeyer; Hermann Tüchle. Church History: The Middle Ages. Newman Press. 1967: 26 [2020-09-23]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-05).