抑制性突触后电位

抑制性突触后神经电位（英语：Inhibitory postsynaptic potential，IPSP）是一种突触后电位，可使突触后神经元降低产生动作电位的可能。^[1]1950年代和1960年代，David P. Lloyd、John Eccles和RodolfoLlinás首先在运动神经元中研究IPSP。^[2]^[3]与之相反的是兴奋性突触后电位，它是一种使突触后神经元更可能产生动作电位的突触电位。IPSP可以发生在所有化学突触中，这些突触使用神经递质的分泌来产生细胞间的信号传递。抑制性突触前神经元释放神经递质，然后再与突触后受体结合。这引起突触后神经元的细胞膜对特定离子的通透性改变。产生改变突触后膜电位以产生更多负突触后电位的电流，即突触后膜电位变得比静止膜电位更负，这被称为超极化。为了产生动作电位，突触后神经元的细胞膜必须去极化，即膜电位必须达到比静止膜电位更正的电压阈值。因此，突触后膜的超极化使得在突触后神经元发生去极化并产生动作电位的可能性较小。

描述了抑制性突触后神经电位如何从神经递质释放到累加的流程图

参考资料

^ Purves et al. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Incorporated; 2008.
^ Coombs JS, Eccles JC, Fatt P. The specific ionic conductances and the ionic movements across the motoneuronal membrane that produce the inhibitory post-synaptic potential. The Journal of Physiology. November 1955, 130 (2): 326–74. PMC 1363415  . PMID 13278905. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005412.
^ Llinas R, Terzuolo CA. Mechanisms of Supraspinal Actions Upon Spinal Cord Activities. Reticular Inhibitory Mechanisms Upon Flexor Motoneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. March 1965, 28 (2): 413–22. PMID 14283063. doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.2.413.

[neurobook-1] Purves et al. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Incorporated; 2008.

[2] Coombs JS, Eccles JC, Fatt P. The specific ionic conductances and the ionic movements across the motoneuronal membrane that produce the inhibitory post-synaptic potential. The Journal of Physiology. November 1955, 130 (2): 326–74. PMC 1363415  . PMID 13278905. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005412.

[3] Llinas R, Terzuolo CA. Mechanisms of Supraspinal Actions Upon Spinal Cord Activities. Reticular Inhibitory Mechanisms Upon Flexor Motoneurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. March 1965, 28 (2): 413–22. PMID 14283063. doi:10.1152/jn.1965.28.2.413.

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