潘氏细胞

潘氏细胞(或称帕内特细胞、Paneth cells、PCs)是起源于肠隐窝干细胞的小肠腺特征性细胞,与隐窝干细胞间隔排列于小肠腺的底部,并且遍布于整个小肠。胞体呈锥体形,胞质顶部的粗大嗜酸性颗粒的主要成分为防御素 (80%[1])、溶菌酶、SPLA2、血管生成因子和Reg3-γ。PCs帮助宿主抵御肠道致病微生物的侵犯,其功能性类似于嗜中性球,并且与于小肠的先天性免疫相关。当暴露于细菌或细菌抗原时,潘氏细胞会分泌防御素等抗菌分子到小肠管腔的绒毛[2][3],帮助维持胃肠道屏障。

人体的潘氏细胞

功能

潘氏细胞能够分泌肠抗菌肽防御素、溶菌霉素、磷脂酶C-型凝集素等多种物质[4],有助潘氏细胞在维持肠道先天性免疫、肠道抗菌抗炎及肠上皮组织完整性等方面中发挥作用。潘氏细胞和Lgr-5英语LGR5阳性肠干细胞会共同构成干细胞巢[5],潘氏细胞可提供一些维护干性特征的关键受体配体,如表皮生长因子DLL4英语DLL4WNT3英语WNT3等,从而激活相应的细胞信号通路,继而维持Lgr-5阳性干细胞的正常细胞功能[6]。潘氏细胞结构和功能的异常已被证实和肠道疾病存在密切关系[6]

发现过程

1872年,德国解剖学家Schwalbe首先在小肠隐窝底部观察到一种锥体形细胞[7]。1888年,奥地利医师约瑟夫·帕内特英语Joseph Paneth对这种细胞进行进一步的观察和描述,该细胞被命名为潘氏细胞。

参考资料

  1. ^ Salzman, NH; Underwood, MA; Bevins, CL. Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: a hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa.. Seminars in immunology. 2007-04, 19 (2): 70–83 [2019-11-18]. PMID 17485224. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.04.002. 
  2. ^ Wilson, CL; Ouellette, AJ; Satchell, DP; Ayabe, T; López-Boado, YS; Stratman, JL; Hultgren, SJ; Matrisian, LM; Parks, WC. Regulation of intestinal alpha-defensin activation by the metalloproteinase matrilysin in innate host defense.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 1999-10-01, 286 (5437): 113–7 [2019-11-18]. PMID 10506557. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.113. 
  3. ^ Ayabe, T; Satchell, DP; Wilson, CL; Parks, WC; Selsted, ME; Ouellette, AJ. Secretion of microbicidal alpha-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria.. Nature immunology. 2000-08, 1 (2): 113–8 [2019-11-18]. PMID 11248802. doi:10.1038/77783. 
  4. ^ Bevins, CL; Salzman, NH. Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.. Nature reviews. Microbiology. 2011-05, 9 (5): 356–68 [2019-11-18]. PMID 21423246. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2546. 
  5. ^ Sato, Toshiro; van Es, Johan H.; Snippert, Hugo J.; Stange, Daniel E.; Vries, Robert G.; van den Born, Maaike; Barker, Nick; Shroyer, Noah F.; van de Wetering, Marc; Clevers, Hans. Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts. Nature. 2010-11-28, 469 (7330): 415–418 [2019-11-18]. doi:10.1038/nature09637. (原始内容存档于2021-03-08). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Nakamura, Kiminori; Ayabe, Tokiyoshi. Paneth cells and stem cells in the intestinal stem cell niche and their association with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation and Regeneration. 2012, 32 (2): 053–060. doi:10.2492/inflammregen.32.053. 
  7. ^ Sandow, MJ; Whitehead, R. The Paneth cell.. Gut. 1979-05, 20 (5): 420–31 [2019-11-18]. PMID 381125. doi:10.1136/gut.20.5.420.