蜡蘑属
轴腹菌科的一属真菌
蜡蘑属(学名:Laccaria)是轴腹菌科的一个属,共有约75种物种,分布于世界各地温带与热带的区域[1][2],常与植物形成外菌根。本属的模式种为红蜡蘑,另外紫蜡蘑与双色蜡蘑亦是本属的常见物种。有些本属物种可在实验室的培养基上生长,还有些物种的担孢子可在培养基上萌发,可作为研究外菌根的模式生物[3],其中双色蜡蘑是第一种基因组被定序的外菌根真菌。本属物种有四种交配型,任两种不同交配型间均可交配[4]。
蜡蘑属 | |
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双色蜡蘑 | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
纲: | 伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes |
目: | 伞菌目 Agaricales |
科: | 轴腹菌科 Hydnangiaceae |
属: | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria Berk. & Broome, 1883 |
模式种 | |
红蜡蘑 Laccaria laccata | |
种 | |
约75种,详见内文 |
描述
蜡蘑属物种的蕈褶通常较粗且间距较大,颜色为紫色至肉色,与蕈柄相连(adnate)或稍微沿蕈柄向下生长(decurrent)。多数物种的担孢子为白色,且表面有饰物[5]。
物种
本属约有75种物种,以下列出部分本属物种[6]。
- 棘孢蜡蘑 Laccaria acanthospora
- 白蜡蘑 Laccaria alba Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang
- 椭孢紫蜡蘑 Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis
- 紫蜡蘑 Laccaria amethystina Cooke
- 白蜡蘑 Laccaria alba
- 窄褶蜡蘑 Laccaria angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang
- 橙黄蜡蘑 Laccaria aurantia Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014
- 双色蜡蘑 Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton
- 泡状蜡蘑 Laccaria bullipellis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
- 刺孢蜡蘑 Laccaria echinospora (Speg.) Singer 1943
- 壳斗生蜡蘑 Laccaria fagacicola Y.Y. Cui et al.
- 橘红蜡蘑 Laccaria fraterna (Cooke & Massee) Pegler
- 黄灰蜡蘑 Laccaria fulvogrisea Popa, Rexer & G. Kost 2014
- Laccaria gomezii Singer & G.M. Muell. 1988
- 喜马拉雅蜡蘑 Laccaria himalayensis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell. 2013
- Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, 2019[7]
- 红蜡蘑 Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke,漆亮蜡蘑
- 长柄蜡蘑 Laccaria longipes
- Laccaria maritima
- 高山蜡蘑 Laccaria montana
- 棕黑蜡蘑 Laccaria negrimarginata
- Laccaria nobilis
- 粉紫蜡蘑 Laccaria ochropurpurea (Berk.) Peck, 1895,基异名:Agaricus ochropurpureus Berk.
- 俄亥俄蜡蘑 Laccaria ohiensis
- 淡红蜡蘑 Laccaria pallidorosea Yang-Yang Cui et al.
- Laccaria paraphysata (McNabb) J.A.Cooper。基异名:Laccaria ohiensis var. paraphysata McNabb
- 条柄蜡蘑 Laccaria proxima (Boud.) Pat.
- Laccaria pseudomontana Osmundson, C.L.Cripps & G.M.Muell., 2006
- 矮蜡蘑 Laccaria pumila Fayod (异名:Laccaria altaica Singer)
- 紫褐蜡蘑 Laccaria purpureobadia Fayod (异名:Laccaria altaica Singer)
- Laccaria rubroalba X. Luo, L. Ye, Mortimer & K.D. Hyde[8]
- 鲑色蜡蘑 Laccaria salmonicolor
- 条缘蜡蘑 Laccaria striatula
- Laccaria tetraspora Singer 1947
- 二孢蜡蘑 Laccaria tortilis (Bolton) Cooke,刺孢蜡蘑
- 灰酒红蜡蘑 Laccaria vinaceobrunnea Hongo,酒色蜡蘑
- 云南蜡蘑 Laccaria yunnanensis Popa, Rexer, Donges, Zhu L. Yang & G. Kost 2014
图集
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紫蜡蘑
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双色蜡蘑
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红蜡蘑
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条柄蜡蘑
参考资料
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford: CABI. 2008: 357. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
- ^ Mueller GM. (1985). Numerical taxonomic analyses on Laccaria (Agaricales). Mycologia 77: 121-129.
- ^ Podila GK, Zheng J, Balasubramanian S, Sundaram S, Hiremath S, Brand JH, Hymes MJ. (2002). Fungal gene expression in early symbiotic interactions between Laccaria bicolor and red pine. Plant and Soil 244: 117–128.
- ^ Martin F, Selosse MA. The Laccaria genome: a symbiont blueprint decoded. New Phytologist. 2008, 180 (2): 296–310. PMID 19138220. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02613.x.
- ^ Orr, Dorothy B.; Orr, Robert Thomas. Mushrooms of Western North America (California Natural History Guides). Berkeley: University of California Press. 1980. ISBN 0-520-03660-3.
- ^ 译名参考:中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中国科学院 生态环境部: 220-221. 2018-05 [2018-09-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-09-12).
- ^ Wang, Xiang-Hua,Das, Kanad,Bera, Ishika,et al. Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81-90[J]. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOLOGIE,2019,40(5):57-95.
- ^ Xia Luo, Lei Ye, Jie Chen, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Jianchu Xu, Kevin D. Hyde and Peter E. Mortimer. 2016. Laccaria rubroalba sp. nov. (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) from Southwestern China. Phytotaxa. 284(1):41-50. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.1.4