食蚜蝇科分类
维基媒体列表条目
此条目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2018年12月11日) |
食蚜蝇科（Syrphidae）为昆虫纲双翅目下的一科。本科目前已知有6000余种，不同文献之间对各物种的内部生物分类学可能略有不同。这些差异一方面可能因为分类的重新组织仍在进行中，另一方面分类学方面的研究（特别是对本科物种的幼体的研究）每天都有新进展，而这些都可能会影响到物种的分类。以上各种差异都尽可能在本条目中提及。
本科物种的栖息地广泛分布于陆地、海洋及咸淡水交界[1]。基本上，下列分类都以过往基于其成虫的形态学特征为主，大致上遵从Thompson & Rotheray (1998)的《古北界双翅目分类》，即把食蚜蝇科物种分成三个亚科及14个族[2]，即：
另外根据2015的最新研究，原为食蚜蝇亚科之下一个族的Pipizinae现在独立出来成为本科的第四个亚科[3]。
这里给出的命名法部分源于世界双翅目生物系统数据库（BDWD），以及由一组分子生物学家创建的工作分类[4] ，无疑将在未来发生很大变化。
图例
管蚜蝇亚科
管蚜蝇亚科（Eristalinae，亦作Milesiinae）[1]可分为下列九个族，17个亚族：
Tribe: Brachyopini
(=Chrysogasterini Shannon, 1922)
Subtribe: Brachyopina
Subtribe: Spheginina
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Tribe: Callicerini
(=Calliceratinae Brues & Melander, 1932)
- Callicera Panzer, 1809: NE NT OR PA
- Notiocheilosia Thompson, 1972: NT
Tribe: Cerioidini
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(=Ceriini, Cerioidinae Wahlgren, 1909)
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管蚜蝇族
管蚜蝇族（Eristalini Rondani, 1845）包括下列两个亚族：
管蚜蝇亚族管蚜蝇亚族（Eristalina Rondani, 1845）包括下列16个属：
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Subtribe: Helophilina
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Tribe: Sericomyiini
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- sometimes regarded as a subtribe of the Eristalini
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Tribe: Eumerini
(=Merodontini, Medorontinae Edwards, 1915, Medorontinae Bezzi, 1915, Medorontidae Glumac & Vujic, 1990, Nausigasterinae Shannon, 1921)
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迷蚜蝇族
迷蚜蝇族（Milesiini；=Xylotini）包括下列六个亚族：
Subtribe: Blerina
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Subtribe: Criorhinina
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迷蚜蝇亚族
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Subtribe: Temnostomina
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Subtribe: Tropidiina
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Subtribe: Xylotina
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Tribe: Rhingiini
(=Cheilosiini Cockerell, 1917)
Subtribe: Cheilosiina
Subtribe: Pelecocerina
Subtribe: Psarina
Subtribe: Rhingiina
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Tribe: Volucellini
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巢穴蚜蝇亚科
巢穴蚜蝇亚科（Microdontinae）各属的分类依从Reemer & Ståhls (2013)[8]，即：
巢穴蚜蝇族巢穴蚜蝇族（Microdontini）以下各属：
Tribe: Spheginobacchini
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Pipizinae
在旧有的分类中，Pipizinae原为管蚜蝇亚科之下的一个族，但Mengual (2015)的支序分析认为这个族与食蚜蝇亚科其他物种的分野相当大[3]，所以被分出来成为独立一个亚科。这个亚科包括下列各个属：
- Cryptopipiza Mutin, 1998
- Heringia (=Cnemodon): NE PA
- 亚属
- H. (Heringia) Rondani, 1856
- H. (Neocnemodon) Goffe, 1944
- 亚属
- †Oligopipiza Nidergas, Hadrava, Nel et al., 2018
- Pipiza Fallén, 1810 (=Pseudopipiza): NE NT PA
- Pipizella Rondani, 1856: PA
- Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 (=Halictomyia): NE NT OR PA
- 寡节蚜蝇属 Loew, 1840: AU OR PA
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食蚜蝇亚科
巴蚜蝇族
巴蚜蝇族（Bacchini[19]，包括原有墨蚜蝇族（Melanostomini）[19]的物种。现时包括下列各属：
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小蚜蝇族
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Tribe: Syrphini
(=Chrysotoxini). In Mengual et al. (2008) this tribe was resolved into two groups.
Syrphini (Group 1)
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Syrphini (Group 2)
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Syrphini (Group undetermined)
- Agnisyrphus Ghorpade, 1994: OR
- Asiodidea Stackelberg, 1930: PA
- Dideomima Vockeroth, 1969: NE NT
- Doros (hoverfly) Meigen, 1803: NE PA
- Lamellidorsum Huo & Zheng, 2005: PA
- Pelloloma Vockeroth, 1973: AF
- Rhinobaccha Meijere, 1908: OR
- Vockerothiella Ghorpade, 1994 : OR
Tribe: Toxomerini
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分类未明的属
下列三个属的亚科所属仍未清楚。这些属都已有正式的分类描述，只是我们无法把它们分类到上述四个亚科之一。这三个属分别为：
- Pia Philippi, 1865: NT
- Poliomyia Scudder, 1878: NE
- Spheginascia Meunier, 1901: PA
注译
- ^ 不是Kerteszomyia (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
- ^ With regard to the subgenus H. (Pilinasica) consisting of four species endemic to 新西兰, Thompson (2000, 2008) and Katzourakis et al. use the name Pilinascia instead. It is likely this has been the result of a spread of a misspelling as in the literature there have been no formal reviews of the name Pilinasica Malloch, 1922 with the exception of the proposal of a subgenus of Helophilus.
- ^ The genus was defined by Reemer (2008) to include two newly described species from Suriname, Surimyia minutula (= Paragodon minutulus) and Surimyia rolanderi. The review is quoted by Cheng & Thompson (2008) but not reported in BDWD where the species S. minutula is placed in the genus Paragodon.
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Mortelmans, Jonas; Cuvelier, Daphne. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. WoRMS. 2016-03-11 [2018-11-14].
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
Thompson & Rotheray的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 3.0 3.1 Mengual, Ximo; Ståhls, Gunilla; Rojo, Santos. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy. 2015-01-12 [2018-11-15]. doi:10.1111/cla.12105. （原始内容存档于2019-05-25） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Lifedesks: Classification of Syrphidae http://syrphidae.lifedesks.org/node/1476 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian. A new Costa Rican flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) and a replacement name for a neotropical flower fly genus (PDF). Studia dipterologica. 2007, 14: 167–170 [2018-11-14]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-14） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Johnson, Charles W. Diptera collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith in Somaliland, eastern Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1898, 50: 157–164 [21 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Doczkal, Dieter; Radenković, Snežana; Lyneborg, Leif; Pape, Thomas. Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical genus Megatrigon Johnson, 1898 (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 2016, 238: 1–36 [21 October 2016]. ISSN 2118-9773. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Reemer, Menno; Ståhls, Gunilla. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys (Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers). 2013, 288: 1–213 [2014-08-18]. doi:10.3897/zookeys.288.4095. （原始内容存档于2014-08-19）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Treated as a subgenus of Microdon by BDWD and a genus in Cheng & Thomson (2008).
- ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Cheng, Xin-Yue; Thompson, F. Christian. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Zootaxa (New Zealand: Magnolia Press). 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-09-11]. ISSN 1175-5334. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-24）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Treated as a synonym of Microdon by BDWD but as a genus in Cheng & Thompson (2008).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Hull, Frank. M. New Species of Exotic Syrphid Flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 12–32 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/46960. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-09）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Proposed as a synonym for Microdon by Cheng & Thompson (2008) and reported as such by BDWD.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Hull, Frank. M. A megamorphic and two curious mimetic flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 116–121 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/67124. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-08）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Not reported by BDWD.
- ^ Defined as a subgenus in BDWD though without evidence in the nomenclature; in Cheng & Thompson (2008) is indicated as a subgroup of Microdon.
- ^ Reemer, Menno. Surimyia a new genus of Microdontinae, with notes on Paragodon Thompson, 1969 (Diptera, Syrphidae) (可移植文档格式). Zoologische Mededelingen (Naturalis). 2008, 82: 177–188 [2018-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-20）. Archive.is的存档，存档日期2012-12-20
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
Mengual et al 2008的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 各论. 中国动物志. 昆虫纲 第50卷 双翅目 食蚜蝇科. 科学出版社. 2010 [2018-11-15]. ISBN 9787030334244 （中文（简体））.
- ^ Huo, Ke-Ke; Shi, Fu-Min (2010). Flavizona (Huo), a new genus of Syrphini from China, with a key to genera of Syrphini in China. Zootaxa 2428: 47–54.
- ^ Mengual X, Ghorpadé K (2010) The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 33:39–80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.33.298
引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“Mengual 2009”的参考文献没有在文中使用
<references>标签中name属性为“usda”的参考文献没有在文中使用参考书目
- BioSystematic Database of World Diptera. （原始内容存档于2010-10-15） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Libor Mazánek. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. In L. Jedlička, V. Stloukalová, M. Kúdela (editor), Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1 + CD-ROM, 2006. ISBN 80-969629-0-6.
- Katzourakis, A.; A. Purvis; S. Azmeh; G. Rotheray; F. Gilbert. Macroevolution of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): the effect of using higher-level taxa in studies of biodiversity, and correlates of species richness. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2001, 14 (2): 219–227 [2009-10-20]. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00278.x. （原始内容存档于2013-01-05）. Archive.is的存档，存档日期2013-01-05
- Mengual, X.; Gunilla Ståhls; Santos Rojo. First phylogeny of predatory flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification (PDF). Cladistics. 2008, 24: 543–562 [2009-10-19]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00200.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-04-09）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Sabrosky, C. W. Family-Group Names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. In F. Christian Thompson (editor), MYIA The International Journal of the North America Dipertists' Society. Volume 10. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 1999.
- Thompson, F. C., & Rotheray, G. Family Syrphidae. In: László Papp, Béla Darvas (editor) Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3: Higher Brachycera. Budapest, Science Herald, 1998: 81-139 . ISBN 963-04-8838-8
- Shannon, R. C. Review of the American xylotine syrphid-flies (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1926, 69 (9): 1–52 [2018-11-14]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.2635. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-06-05）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J. British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide 2nd. London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. 1983: 253, xvpp. ISBN 1-899935-03-7.
- Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, J. R.; Sedman, Y. S. A Catalogue of the Americas South of the United States: Family Syrphidae. São Paulo, Brasil: Museu de Zoologia. [2 February 2011].
- Thompson, F. C. A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) (PDF). Arquivos de Zoologia. 1972, 23: 73–215. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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- Thompson, F. C. Austalis, a new genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with revisionary notes on related genera (PDF). Zootaxa. 2003, 246: 1–19 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-01-23）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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- Xin-Yue Cheng; Frederic Christian Thompson. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF). Zootaxa. 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-24）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）