1,1-乙二硫醇
化合物
1,1-乙二硫醇(Ethane-1,1-dithiol)是有机硫化合物,分子式CH3CH(SH)2;是种添加到或出现在某些食物的无色有气味液体;是偕(geminal)二硫醇。
1,1-乙二硫醇 | |||
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别名 | 1,1-二巯基乙烷 | ||
识别 | |||
CAS号 | 69382-62-3 | ||
PubChem | 33645 | ||
ChemSpider | 31030 | ||
SMILES |
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EINECS | 248-103-1 | ||
性质 | |||
化学式 | C2H6S2 | ||
摩尔质量 | 94.2 g·mol−1 | ||
外观 | 无色液体 | ||
密度 | 每立方厘米0.83克 | ||
沸点 | 71 °C(344 K) | ||
溶解性(水) | 每升12.97克 | ||
溶解性(其它) | 在多数有机溶剂溶解度良好 | ||
折光度n D |
1.37 | ||
危险性 | |||
GHS危险性符号 | |||
GHS提示词 | Warning | ||
H-术语 | H302, H312, H332 | ||
P-术语 | P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+312, P302+352, P304+312, P304+340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P501 | ||
相关物质 | |||
相关化合物 | Ethanethiol; Methanedithiol; 1,2-Ethanedithiol; 1,1,1-Ethanetrithiol; 1-hydroxy-ethanethiol; propane-1,1-dithiol | ||
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
用途
1,1-乙二硫醇可用于调味饮品、油、肉汁、汤、肉、水果、增味剂和零食。公认安全(GRAS)最高浓度为百万分之五(ppm),但常用浓度约0.2 ppm。[1]其气味强烈难闻,故常用其1%乙醇溶液。[2]其有4%乙酸乙酯和乙醇的溶液CAS编号为69382-62-3。[3]毒性可能是代谢产物硫化氢和乙醛引起,但在使用时它的安全边际(margin of safety)超过1000万。[2]除水解外,它在体内的其它反应方式包括加甲基为1-甲硫基乙硫醇、硫氧化为磺酸乙酯、硫葡糖醛酸化或与半胱氨酸以二硫键结合。[2]
自然存在
性质
核磁共振谱显示三种质子环境,CH3、SH和CH的比例分别对应于3:2:1。[8]
反应
1,1-乙二硫醇有几种对白葡萄酒风味很重要的已知反应。有氧时转化为有橡胶香气的顺/反-3,6-二甲基-1,2,4,5-四硫杂环己烷,这分子的环有四粒硫原子和两粒碳原子,两粒1,1-乙二硫醇分子脱氢并以其硫原子连接起来;[9]继续氧化则成顺/反-3,5-二甲基-1,2,4-三硫杂环戊烷,气味类似肉;[9]1,1-乙二硫醇与硫化氢反应成有肉味的顺/反-4,7-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6-五硫杂环庚烷,其环有五粒硫原子和两粒碳原子。[9]
生成
参见
参考资料
- ^ Smith, R. L.; Cohen, S. M.; Doull, J.; Feron, V. J.; Goodman, J. I.; Marnett, L. J.; Portoghese, P. S.; Waddell, W. J.; Wagner, B. M.; Adams, T. B. GRAS Flavoring Substances 22 (PDF). Food Technology. Institute of Food Technologists: 47. August 2005 [1 December 2012]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-09).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Meeting, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.; Organization, World Health. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: Sixty-eighth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Geneva from 19 to 28 June 2007 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2007: 108, 214–218 [1 December 2012]. ISBN 9789241209472. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-03).
- ^ 1,1-ethane dithiol 1% in ethanol 94.5% / ethyl acetate 4% fragrance 69382-62-3. 2018-04-15 [1 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-16).
- ^ Fedrizzi, Bruno; Giuseppe Versini; Roberto Ferrarini; Fabio Finato; Giorgio Nicolini; Franco Magno. Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Food. ACS Symposium Series 1068. 2011: 215–228. ISBN 978-0-8412-2616-6. ISSN 0097-6156. doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1068.ch010.
- ^ Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. List of Codex Specification for Food Additives (PDF). CAC/MISC 6: 90. 2012 [1 December 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-02).
- ^ American Chemical Society. Scientists sniff out the substances behind the aroma in the 'king of fruits'. 28 November 2012 [1 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-16).
- ^ Li, Jia-Xiao; Peter Schieberle; Martin Steinhaus. Characterization of the Major Odor-Active Compounds in Thai Durian (Durio zibethinus L. 'Monthong') by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis and Headspace Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012, 60 (45): 11253–11262. ISSN 0021-8561. PMID 23088286. doi:10.1021/jf303881k.
- ^ No 1660 Ethane-1,1-dithiol HNMR. [2 December 2012].[失效链接]
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Moreno-Arribas, M. Victoria; Polo, Carmen. Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry. Springer. 2008-11-14: 604– [2 December 2012]. ISBN 9780387741161.