Mockito是一个Java平台开源测试框架英语List of unit testing frameworks,在MIT许可证下发布。[3][4]该框架允许在自动化单元测试中创建测试替身英语Test double对象(模拟对象),用于测试驱动开发(TDD)或行为驱动开发(BDD)。

Mockito
开发者斯蒂芬·费伯(Szczepan Faber)、布莱斯·杜泰尔(Brice Dutheil)、拉斐尔·温特哈特(Rafael Winterhalter)、蒂姆·范德利普(Tim van der Lippe)等
当前版本2022年4月21日,​2年前​(2022-04-21[1]
源代码库github.com/mockito/mockito
编程语言Java
类型测试
许可协议MIT许可证[2]
网站site.mockito.org

该框架的名称和图标是对莫吉托(Mojito,一种饮料)的模仿。

特点

Mockito允许开发人员验证被测系统(SUT)的行为,而无需事先建立期望。[5]对于模拟对象,有人批评其测试代码与被测系统的紧耦合。[6]Mockito试图通过取消期望规范,来摆脱“期望-运行-验证”的模式。[7]Mockito还提供了一些用于减少样板代码英语Boilerplate code的注解。[8]

起源

Mockito是从扩展EasyMock英语EasyMock的语法和功能开始的。[9][10]

例子

下面是一个非耦合Hello world程序;我们可以对它的某些部分进行单元测试,对其它部分使用模拟对象

package org.examples;

import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloApplication {

   public static interface Greeter {
      String getGreeting(String subject);
      String getIntroduction(String actor);
   }
   
   public static class HelloGreeter implements Greeter {
      private String hello;
      private String segmenter;
      
      public HelloGreeter(String hello, String segmenter) {
         this.hello = hello;
         this.segmenter = segmenter;
      }
      public String getGreeting(String subject) {
         return hello + " " + subject; 
      }
      public String getIntroduction(String actor) {
         return actor+segmenter;
      }
   }
   
   public static interface HelloActable {
      void sayHello(String actor, String subject) throws IOException;
   }
   
   public static class HelloAction implements HelloActable {
      private Greeter helloGreeter;
      private Appendable helloWriter;

      public HelloAction(Greeter helloGreeter, Appendable helloWriter) {
         super();
         this.helloGreeter = helloGreeter;
         this.helloWriter = helloWriter;
      }
      public void sayHello(String actor, String subject) throws IOException { 
         helloWriter.append(helloGreeter.getIntroduction(actor)).append(helloGreeter.getGreeting(subject));
      }
   }

   public static void main(String... args) throws IOException {
      new HelloAction(new HelloGreeter("hello", ": "), System.out).sayHello("application", "world");
   }

}

启动HelloApplication后,结果如下:

application: hello world

HelloActable组件的单元测试可能如下:

package org.examples;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloActable;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloAction;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.Greeter;

public class HelloActionUnitTest {
   
   Greeter helloGreeterMock;
   Appendable helloWriterMock;
   HelloActable helloAction;
   
   @Before
   public void setUp() {
      helloGreeterMock = mock(Greeter.class);
      helloWriterMock = mock(Appendable.class);
      helloAction = new HelloAction(helloGreeterMock, helloWriterMock);
   }
   
   @Test
   public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
      when(helloWriterMock.append(any(String.class))).thenReturn(helloWriterMock);
      when(helloGreeterMock.getIntroduction(eq("unitTest"))).thenReturn("unitTest : ");
      when(helloGreeterMock.getGreeting(eq("world"))).thenReturn("hi world");
      
      helloAction.sayHello("unitTest", "world");
      
      verify(helloGreeterMock).getIntroduction(eq("unitTest"));
      verify(helloGreeterMock).getGreeting(eq("world"));

      verify(helloWriterMock, times(2)).append(any(String.class));
      verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("unitTest : "));
      verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("hi world"));
   }
}

它为Greeter和Appendable接口使用了模拟对象,并隐式假设了下一个用例:

unitTest : hi world

用于测试Greeter与HelloActable联合在一起的集成测试代码可能如下:

package org.examples;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloActable;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloAction;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.Greeter;
import org.examples.HelloApplication.HelloGreeter;

public class HelloActionIntegrationTest {
   HelloActable helloAction;
   Greeter helloGreeter;
   Appendable helloWriterMock;
   
   @Before
   public void setUp() {
      helloGreeter = new HelloGreeter("welcome", " says ");
      helloWriterMock = mock(Appendable.class);
      helloAction = new HelloAction(helloGreeter, helloWriterMock);
   }
   
   @Test
   public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
      when(helloWriterMock.append(any(String.class))).thenReturn(helloWriterMock);

      helloAction.sayHello("integrationTest", "universe");

      verify(helloWriterMock, times(2)).append(any(String.class));
      verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("integrationTest says "));
      verify(helloWriterMock, times(1)).append(eq("welcome universe"));
   }
}

它仅使用模拟对象代替Appendable接口,而使用其它(HelloActable和Greeter)接口的真实实现,并隐式假设了下一个用例:

integrationTest says welcome universe

从HelloActionUnitTest和HelloActionIntegrationTest这两个类的import语句可以看出,需要在类路径英语Classpath中加入一些Mockito和JUnit才能编译和运行测试类。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Project Releases Overview on GitHub [GitHub上的项目发布概览]. GitHub. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-28) (英语). 
  2. ^ License · mockito/mockito Wiki [许可证·mockito/mockito Wiki]. GitHub. [2019-08-30]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-14) (英语). 
  3. ^ Mockito in six easy examples [Mockito六个简单的例子]. 2009 [2012-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-14) (英语). 
  4. ^ What's the best mock framework for Java? [Java最好的模拟框架是什么?]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-02) (英语). 
  5. ^ Features and Motivations [特点与动机]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-22) (英语). 
  6. ^ Fowler, Martin. Mocks Aren't Stubs [模拟不是空壳]. 2007 [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2008-03-19) (英语). 
  7. ^ Faber, Szczepan. Death Wish [期望之死]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-30) (英语). 
  8. ^ Kaczanowski, Tomek. Mockito - Open Source Java Mocking Framework [Mockito——开源的Java模拟框架]. [2013-09-17]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-15) (英语). 
  9. ^ Faber, Szczepan. Mockito. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-29) (英语). 
  10. ^ Mockito Home Page [Mockito主页]. [2010-12-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-21) (英语). 

外部链接