中央银行数位货币

中央銀行發行的數碼貨幣

中央银行数位货币(英语:central bank digital currency, CBDC,简称央行数位货币)用于指称各种由中央银行发行的数位货币提案。国际清算银行的一份报告当中指出,即便“中央银行数位货币”尚未完全给予定义,[1]“但大部分情况下指设想中的一种新型态中央银行货币,而不同于传统储备或帐户馀额[2]。”

央行数位货币也称为数位法定货币digital fiat currencies[3]数位基础货币digital base money[4]

现行的央行数位货币概念直接从比特币获得发想,但不同于虚拟货币加密货币;这两种货币并非由国家发行,也缺乏政府授予的法偿地位[2][5][6][7]。央行数位货币的实施可能会或不会采用区块链分散式账本[8][9]

央行数位货币绝大多数还在设想阶段,部分则进展到概念验证程序;然而80%的中央银行已将目光投向数位货币[10][11]。中国的数字人民币成为第一种由主要经济体系发行的数位货币[12][13]

参考文献

  1. ^ Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Monetary Economics: Central Banks - Policies & Impacts eJournal. Social Science Research Network.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bech, Morten; Garratt, Rodney. Central Bank Cryptocurrencies (PDF). BIS. [2020-08-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-12-27) (英语). 
  3. ^ Focus Group on Digital Currency including Digital Fiat Currency. ITU. [2017-12-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11) (美国英语). 
  4. ^ Mersch, Yves. Digital Base Money: an assessment from the ECB’s perspective (演讲). Farewell ceremony for Pentti Hakkarainen, Deputy Governor of Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank. Helsinki: European Central Bank. 16 January 2017 [19 June 2021]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-27) (英语). 
  5. ^ Silva, Matthew De. What China could gain from a digital yuan. Quartz. [2019-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-28) (英语). 
  6. ^ Speech by Jen Weidmann at the Bundesbank Policy Symposium "Frontiers in Central Banking – Past, Present and Future". www.bundesbank.de. [2017-11-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-14) (英语). 
  7. ^ Financial innovation and monetary policy: Challenges and prospects (PDF). European Parliament. 2017 [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-14). 
  8. ^ Yang, Yuan; Lockett, Hudson. What is China's digital currency plan?. www.ft.com. Financial Times. [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-15). 
  9. ^ Analytical Report on the E-Hryvnia Pilot Project (PDF). National Bank of Ukraine. [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-06). 
  10. ^ Christine Lagarde [@lagarde]. Our work on a possible #digitaleuro continues. (推文). 16 April 2021 –通过Twitter. 
  11. ^ Will central-bank digital currencies break the banking system?. The Economist. 2020-12-05 [2020-12-07]. ISSN 0013-0613. (原始内容存档于2021-01-29). 
  12. ^ Areddy, James T. China Creates its Own Digital Currency, a First for Major Economy. Wall Street Journal. 2021-04-05 [2021-04-06]. ISSN 0099-9660. (原始内容存档于2021-04-05) (美国英语). 
  13. ^ Popper, Nathaniel; Li, Cao. China Charges Ahead With a National Digital Currency. The New York Times. 2021-03-01 [2021-04-06]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2021-04-05) (美国英语).