伪同源词
伪同源词(英语:False cognate),指两个发音和涵意都相同、相关或相似,但词源不同的词。例如各语言中对父母的称呼,单以母亲来说,可拿中文(汉藏语系)的“妈妈”比较意大利语(印欧语系)的mamma、格鲁吉亚语(高加索语系)的მამა(mama)。互不相干的语言均以[m]、[b]、[a](还有[p]、[h])这几个音组成的字来作父母的称呼,只是因为这几个是最容易发的音,呀呀学语的婴儿无意发出,而为人父母的总以为婴孩最初说的“话”是用来称呼父母亲,因此以这几个音构成的字,容易成为父母的指称。[1][2][3][4]又比如现代标准汉语的“泼”、“费”与英语的pour、fee。
此外,同一语言中也可以有伪同源词:例如英语的和day和diary就发音类似,但分别来自古英语的dæg和拉丁语的diārium(两者又分别来自原始印欧语的和dʰeǵʰ-和dyḗws)。[5][6][7]
参见
参考文献
- ^ Jakobson, R. (1962) "Why 'mama' and 'papa'?" In Jakobson, R. Selected Writings, Vol. I: Phonological Studies, pp. 538–545. The Hague: Mouton.
- ^ Nichols, J. (1999) "Why 'me' and 'thee'?" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Historical Linguistics 1999: Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Vancouver, 9–13 August 1999, ed. Laurel J. Brinton, John Benjamins Publishing, 2001, pages 253-276.
- ^ Bancel, P.J. and A.M. de l'Etang. (2008) "The Age of Mama and Papa" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Bengtson J. D. In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology. (John Benjamins Publishing, Dec 3, 2008), pages 417-438.
- ^ Bancel, P.J. and A.M. de l'Etang. (2013) "Brave new words" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) In New Perspectives on the Origins of Language, ed. C. Lefebvre, B. Comrie, H. Cohen (John Benjamins Publishing, Nov 15, 2013), pages 333-377.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition.
- ^ Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio J. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics. Edinburgh University Press. 2007: 29. ISBN 978-0-7486-2378-5.