山金车

山金车（学名：Arnica Montana^[1]）是一种源于中欧以及西伯利亚高原地区的的菊科植物^[2]，在缓解肌肉和关节疼痛及炎症方面具有悠久历史。近年全球有多项针对山金车疗效的基础医学及临床研究，证实山金车除了有消炎镇痛的疗效外，更具有促进受伤组织痊愈的效能^[3]，因而受到科研及医药业界的注视。

用途

山金车的花和根部蕴含大量具有消炎效能及抗氧化的物质^[4]。在16世纪已有记载，常用于治疗瘀伤、肌肉关节疼痛等^[5]。因此，山金车花的萃取物一般会被炼制成外用膏药以治疗瘀伤、扭伤和风湿痛等症状^[5]。有临床报告指出，含有山金车的药贴有效减少疼痛或麻痹症状。

医药功效

炎症发生时，发炎的组织内会释出不同的因子并引发炎性反应；而部份因子则同时刺激神经末梢，引起疼痛感觉。山金车含有的活性物质能抑制引起疼痛和发炎的因子，从而达致镇痛和消炎的效果^[6]。基础医学研究显示山金车有别于一般以水杨酸盐（Salicylate）为主要成份的镇痛药品，除镇痛消炎外，更有助促进组织愈合^[3]。

山金车不但有助消炎镇痛和促进组织愈合，外用山金车膏药的副作用风险亦非常低^[6]。因此，山金车是舒缓肌肉和关节疼痛（尤其对一般非类固醇消炎药(NSAID)过敏人士）的理想选择。

将含有山金车的药贴用于因蜂窝组织炎引致疼痛或麻痹的部位，疼痛或麻痹症状于三天后明显减少^[7]。

参考文献

^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnica, Arnica montana L. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） includes photos and European distribution maps
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Marzotto M, Bonafini C, Olioso D; et al. Arnica montana Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in a Macrophage Cell Line Differentiated to Wound-Healing Phenotype.. Rajasingh J, ed. PLoS One. 2016, 11 (11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166340.
^ Kriplani P, Guarve K, Baghael US. Arnica montana L . - a plant of healing: review.. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017, 69 (8): 925-945. doi:10.1111/jphp.12724.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 E. Ernst; M. H. Pittler. Efficacy of Homeopathic Arnica A Systematic Review of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. JAMA Surgery (JAMA Surgery). November 1998, 133 (11): 1187–1190. doi:10.1001/archsurg.133.11.1187.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Iannitti T, Morales-Medina JC, Bellavite P, Rottigni V, Palmieri B. Effectiveness and Safety of Arnica montana in Post-Surgical Setting, Pain and Inflammation.. Am J Ther. 2016, 23 (1): e184-e197. doi:10.1097/MJT.0000000000000036.
^ Barkey E, Kaszkin-Bettag M. A Homeopathic Arnica Patch for the Relief of Cellulitis-derived Pain and Numbness in the Hand. Glob Adv Heal Med. 2012, 1 (2): 18-20. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.2.005.

外部链接

Arnica. The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

[1] 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

[2] Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnica, Arnica montana L. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） includes photos and European distribution maps

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Marzotto M, Bonafini C, Olioso D; et al. Arnica montana Stimulates Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression in a Macrophage Cell Line Differentiated to Wound-Healing Phenotype.. Rajasingh J, ed. PLoS One. 2016, 11 (11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166340.

[4] Kriplani P, Guarve K, Baghael US. Arnica montana L . - a plant of healing: review.. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017, 69 (8): 925-945. doi:10.1111/jphp.12724.

[JAMA-5] 5.0 ^5.1 E. Ernst; M. H. Pittler. Efficacy of Homeopathic Arnica A Systematic Review of Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. JAMA Surgery (JAMA Surgery). November 1998, 133 (11): 1187–1190. doi:10.1001/archsurg.133.11.1187.

[:1-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Iannitti T, Morales-Medina JC, Bellavite P, Rottigni V, Palmieri B. Effectiveness and Safety of Arnica montana in Post-Surgical Setting, Pain and Inflammation.. Am J Ther. 2016, 23 (1): e184-e197. doi:10.1097/MJT.0000000000000036.

[7] Barkey E, Kaszkin-Bettag M. A Homeopathic Arnica Patch for the Relief of Cellulitis-derived Pain and Numbness in the Hand. Glob Adv Heal Med. 2012, 1 (2): 18-20. doi:10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.2.005.

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