帆锯鳐属

帆锯鳐属属名Onchopristis,意为“(牙齿)有倒钩的锯鳐”)是生存于白垩纪后期的大型淡水[9],化石发现于北非、北美与纽西兰。其外形与现生的锯鳐科相近,吻部细长,牙齿著生于吻测,但两者并非近亲,且锯鳐科的牙侧光滑无凸起,而帆锯鳐的牙齿在似釉质冠(enameloid cap)以后的区域具有一至五个倒钩[1][10]

帆锯鳐属
化石时期:阿尔布阶至马斯特里赫特阶
努米底亚帆锯鳐的牙齿化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目: 鳐目 Rajiformes
科: 硬尖犁头鳐科 Sclerorhynchidae
属: 帆锯鳐属 Onchopristis
Stromer, 1917
模式种
努米底亚帆锯鳐
Onchopristis numida

Haug英语Émile Haug, 1905
  • 努米底亚帆锯鳐 O. numida
    Haug, 1905
  • 邓氏帆锯鳐 O. dunklei
    McNulty & Slaugter, 1962
异名[1]
属异名
种异名
  • 努米底亚帆锯鳐 O. numida
      • Gigantichthys numidus
        Haug, 1905
      • Platyspondylus foureaui
        Haug, 1905
      • Squatina aegyptiaca
        Stromer, 1927[7]
      • Sechmetia aegyptiaca
        (Stromer, 1927)
      • Peyeria libyca
        Weiler, 1935
    邓氏帆锯鳐 O. dunklei
      • Onchopristis dunklei praecursor
        Thurmond, 1971[8]
      • Sechmetia cruciformis
        Werner, 1989

也有文献将其归入帆锯鳐科 (Onchopristidae Villalobos-Segura, Kriwet, Vullo, Stumpf, Ward, & Underwood, 2021[11]

下属物种

本属包括以下物种:[12]

描述

 
努米底亚帆锯鳐复原图
 
帆锯鳐属(下)及当时与其共存的大型腔棘鱼体型比较
 
帆锯鳐属的牙齿与其他锯鳐的比较(红色为努米底亚帆锯鳐,绿色为邓氏帆锯鳐)

吻突长约2.5米(8.2英尺),外部有带刺的牙齿。在两种帆锯鳐中,努米底亚帆锯鳐的每颗牙齿都有一个倒钩,但在邓氏帆锯鳐的每颗牙齿上有两到五个倒钩。[1]它们可以长到5-6米长。[13]

古生态学

和现代锯鳐一样,帆锯鳐的眼睛位于头顶,用于发现捕食者而不是猎物,它的嘴和鳃都在它的身体下侧。[14]它们的吻部很可能会有电感受器来检测它们下面的水中的食物,就像现代的鲨鱼一样。帆锯鳐可能会穿过河床寻找然后吃掉猎物。[14]

大众文化

帆锯鳐在《Jurassic World™:游戏》 中作为可收集角色登场。

在《恐龙星球》的电视节目中,帆锯鳐被认为是棘龙的主要食物。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Keyes, I. W. Records of the northern hemisphere Cretaceous Sawfish genus Onchopristis (order batoidea) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 1977, 20 (2): 263–272. ISSN 0028-8306. doi:10.1080/00288306.1977.10420706. 
  2. ^ Jordan, D.S. A classification of fishes, including families and genera as far known.. Stanford University Publications, University Series, Biological Sciences. 1923, 3 (2): 77–243. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.161386 . 
  3. ^ Weiler, W. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 16. Neue Untersuchungen an den Fischresten (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1935, 32: 1–57. 
  4. ^ Werner, C. Die Elasmobranchier-Fauna des Gebel Dist Member der Bahariya Formation (Obercenoman) der Oase Bahariya, Ägypten. Palaeo Ichthyologica. 1989, 5: 1–112. 
  5. ^ Kirkland, J.I. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 1996, 9: 1–131. 
  6. ^ Hunt, R.K.; Santucci, V.L.; Kenworthy, J. A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 34: 63–69. 
  7. ^ Stromer, E. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 9. Die Plagiostomen mit einem Anhang über käno- und mesozoische Rückenflossenstacheln von Elasmobranchiern (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung. 1927, 31 (5): 1–64. 
  8. ^ Thurmond, J.T. Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas (PDF). Southeastern Geology. 1971, 13 (4): 207–227. 
  9. ^ Martill, D. M.; Ibrahim, N. Aberrant rostral teeth of the sawfish Onchopristis numidus from the Kem Kem beds (?early Late Cretaceous) of Morocco and a reappraisal of Onchopristis in New Zealand. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2012, 64: 71–76. ISSN 1464-343X. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.009. 
  10. ^ Cuny, G.; Suteethorn, V.; Khansubha, S. A sclerorhynchoid (Chondrichthyes: Batomorphii) in the lower cretaceous of Thailand?. Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (编). Fossil Record 4. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 67. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2015: 15–18 [2021-04-15]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-29). 
  11. ^ Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2021, 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166. 
  12. ^ Onchopristis Stromer, 1918. GBIF. [2023-03-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-12). 
  13. ^ This huge ancient sawfish had harpoons on its face. [2021-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-14). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Scott, C. Planet Dinosaur: The Next Generation of Killer Giants. Firefly Books. 2012: 72–73. ISBN 978-1-77085-049-1.